新戊二醇制取催化剂的研究

文档编号:CL098  文档字数:9078,页数:25

 摘 要：本文档以异丁醛为原料，在液碱催化剂的存在下，先与甲醛进行羟醛缩合反应，制备2，2-二甲基-3-羟甲基丙醛（羟基戊醛），然后再与甲醛进行歧化反应制备出新戊二醇，反应中得到NPG和甲酸钠的混合溶液，经减压脱水后，选择合适的溶剂（如丙酮）溶解，冷却至室温时减压过滤，取滤液（新戊二醇溶液），接着蒸出溶剂，回收。在此实验中，我着重对催化剂的种类、浓度以及反应温度（两步反应）对实验的影响做一探究，从而得出了最适宜的催化剂浓度为16.67 mol/L NaOH溶液（缩合用量为0.0167mol，歧化为0.56mol）和最佳的反应条件（缩合温度为40℃，歧化温度为50℃）。
 该实验法投资小、工艺条件温和。但是副产物甲酸钠大量存在于反应产物中，对其脱除成为一大难题。

关键词：新戊二醇；缩合；歧化反应；催化剂。

Abstract: This paper use isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde as the raw materials.
Under the reation of alkaline catalyst, they conduct a condensation reaction to prepare 2,2-dimethyl-3- hydroxymethyl-propionaldehyde (Hydroxyl valeraldehyde) at first, and then conduct a disproportionation reaction to prepare Neopentyl Glycol. In the reaction, we can obtain the mixed solution of NPG and sodium formate. After decompression dehydration, we need to select the appropriate solvent such as acetone to extract the product. When it cools to room temperature ,we need to decompress the filter, obtain the filtrate (neopentyl glycol solution), distillate and recover the solvent. In the experiment, we discuss the influence of catalyst type, concentration and reaction temperature. At last, we get the most suitable catalyst concentration (condensation dosage is 0.011 mol, disproportionation dosage is 0.5 mol) and the best reaction conditions (condensation temperature is 40 degree and disproportionation temperature is 40 degree).
 The experimental method costs little and has a mild conditions. However, there is a large ammount of by-product sodium in the reaction products. Their removal is the major problem.

Keywords： Neopentyl glycol; Condensation; Cannizarro reaction; Catalyst.

目  录

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目录 III
1．绪论 1
 1.1 概述 1
        1.1.1 性质和用途 1
 1.2 新戊二醇的生产 2
     1.2.1 歧化法 3
 1.2.2 加氢法 4
2．实验部分 5
 2.1 主要仪器和原料 5
 2.2 实验原理 4
 2.3 合成步骤 6
        2.3.1 新戊二醇的合成 6
 2.3.2 新戊二醇的精制 7
 2.4 产率计算和产品结构表征 8
        2.4.1 产物的产率计算 8
 2.4.2 红外表征 9
3．结果与讨论 9
 3.1 催化剂对产量的影响 9
 3.1.1 催化剂浓度对产量的影响 10
 3.1.2 催化剂用量对产量的影响 10
 3.2 缩合温度对产量的影响 12
 
 3.3 歧化温度对产量的影响 13
 3.4 溶剂对产量的影响 14
 3.5 实验讨论 14
 3.6 产品分析 15
 3.6.1 产品结晶图 15
 3.6.2 红外测试分析 16
4．总结与展望 18
致谢 20
参考文献 21

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