基于LabVIEW的直流电机控制系统设计

文档编号:CK078   文档字数:15841,页数:37

摘  要
 随着现代电子测量和仪器技术的飞速发展，虚拟仪器技术作为仪器技术和计算机技术完美结合的产物，被越来越广泛的应用在控制和检测方面。本次设计主要是通过虚拟仪器编程语言LabVIEW作为软件平台，实现一个基于虚拟仪器的直流电机控制系统，包括硬件设计和软件编程。整个系统分为上位机和下位机两部分，上位机LabVIEW程序通过计算机串口发送控制信号；STC89C52RC单片机接收上位机信号后，控制电机的启动、停止、正转、反转等动作。硬件电路主要包括串口通讯电路和直流电机控制电路。串口电路主要通过MAX232芯片和单片机STC9C52RC芯片连接实现。电机控制电路主要通过单片机连接电机驱动电路实现。系统的软件设计包括LabVIEW编程和单片机编程两部分。设计中首先采用了asm51汇编语言编写单片机源程序，检验硬件电路。然后运用C51高级语言编写串口通讯程序，实现PC机与单片机的通信。最后，用到LabVIEW里的VISA函数编写电机控制程序。虚拟仪器LabVIEW在本次设计中体现出它界面直观，分析多样，处理快速等优势。它不仅可以成为有关电机研究方面的基本工具，而且会在电力、自动控制等系统中有特殊的用处。

 关键词：  LabVIEW，单片机，串口通信， 直流电机

Abstract
    With the rapid development of modern electrical testing and instrumental technology,The technology of virtual instruments is widely used in control and inspectionl. It is a perfect product of Instrument and Computer technology. This design mainly achieve a DC motor control system based on virtual instruments，including the hardware design and the software programming. As a software platform., the programming language LabVIEW of the virtual instrument is the main software of this design. The entire system consists of two parts are the upper and lower machines.The LabVIEW program of the upper machine sends the control signals through the computer serial port.After the STC89C52RC microcontroller receiving the signals of the host computer, this system control the DC motor start-up , stopping, positive rotation, reverse rotation, and other actions. The hardware circuit is composed by the serial communication circuit and the DC motor control circuit. The serial communication circuit is achieved by MAX232 chip connecting with the microcomputer  STC89C52RC chip. The motor control circuit is achieved by the SCM connecting with the Motor driving circuit The design of the system software includes two parts ,the LabVIEW programming and the microcontroller programming. At first, the asm51 assembly language is adopted in the SCM source programming for detecting the hardware circuit. Then , the C51 advanced language is used to writing the serial communication program for achieving the communication between the PC and the MCU. Finally, using the VISA function of the LabVIEW programming to control the DC motor.In this design, the Virtual Instruments LabVIEW reflects some advantages,such as interface intuitive, a variety of analysis,fast processing. It not only can become the basic tool of researching about motor, but also has special premises in electricity and automation system.
  Keywords：LabVIEW，Microcontroller，serial communication，DC motors
 
目 录
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………. I
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………. II
1 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………………..1
   1.1 研究的背景与意义 ……………………………………………………………………1
   1.2 研究的主要内容 ………………………………………………………………………2
2 虚拟仪器技术………………………………………………………………………………3
2.1 虚拟仪器概述 …………………………………………………………………………3
2.2 虚拟仪器的组成 ….…….…………………………………………………………….3
 2.2.1 虚拟仪器的硬件平台……….………………………………………………… 3
 2.2.2 虚拟仪器的软件系统…….….…………………………………………………4
   2.3 虚拟仪器的发展现状……………………………………………………………. . .….5
3  LabVIEW软件开发平台…………………………………………………………...…6
 3.1  Labview软件概述……………………………………………………………………6
 3.2  Labview软件的特点…………………………………………………………………6
    3.3  Labview应用程序的构成……………………………………………………………7
  3.3.1  前面板 ………………………………………………………………………..7
  3.3.2  流程图…………………………………………………………………………7
  3.3.3  图标/连接器……………………………………………………………………8
 3.4  Labview的操作模板 …………………………………………………………………8
     3.4.1 工具模板 …………………… ………………………… ………………………8
     3.4.2 控制模块 ……………………………………………… ………………………9
     3.4.3 功能模块 ………………………………………………………………………10
 3.5  Labview设计虚拟仪器的方法………………………………………………………10
4  系统硬件电路设计…………………………………………………………………….. 12
 4.1  系统硬件总体结构 …………………………………………………………………12
 4.2  串口通信电路 ………………………………………………………………………12
4.3  单片机电路 …………………………………………………………………………14
 4.4  直流电机驱动电路…………………………………………………………………16
    4.5  系统电源设计………………………………………………………………………19
5  系统软件程序设计………………………………………………………………. . .…20
 5.1  串口通信程序 ……………………………………………………………………20
 5.1.1  串口通信协议 ……………………………………………………………20
  5.1.2  单片机程序 ………………………………………………………………21
 5.2  LabVIEW控制程序…………………………………………………………………22
 5.2.1  前面板输入控制信号……………………………………………………..22
 5.2.2  LabVIEW的框图程序设计 ……………………………………………….22
6  系统的调试及功能实现……………………………………………………………...26
 6.1  硬件电路检查 …………………………………………………………………… 26
 6.2  LabVIEW控制调试……………………………………………………………… 27
7  总结 ……………………………………………………………………………………. 29
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………...30
 附录Ⅰ 系统总原理图
 附录Ⅱ  实物图

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