一氧化碳报警器

文档编号:JD193    字数:28091,页数:53     

摘  要

随着社会的进步和人们生活水平的提高，煤气或天然气已成为多数家庭的燃料，由于煤气泄露和使用天然气不当而引起的火灾给人们的生命财产安全带来了极大的隐患。怎样防止煤气中毒与爆炸已成为人们的迫切需要，为此我们开发研制了程控一氧化碳报警器。
本设计根据设计任务进行了方案设计，设计了相应的硬件电路和系统软件，研制了一氧化碳报警器原理样机。
该仪器对一氧化碳进行实时网络监控，从主机控制多个分机，分机同时巡回检测多个观测点，当一氧化碳的浓度超过允许值时，控制电路进行报警，并通过外接排风扇与电磁阀对其进行控制，以防事故的发生；同时设计的一氧化碳报警器能够实现远程控制，利用串口通信原理使主监控室能够监控到每一个报警器，当一氧化碳浓度过大时报警提示主机，使得该一氧化碳报警器具备了程控功能。
本文设计采用的芯片主要是单片机和数模转换芯片。利用单片机在控制这一方面的应用，采用三路巡回检测的方法。主体电路部分分为浓度检测及显示部分、主控部分以及报警和事故处理部分。用单片机实现对主体电路的控制。设计的过程充分利用了单片机良好的控制性能，对A/D转换的数据能够进行运算分析，将传感器检测的气体浓度在LED上显示出来，并且能够分析数据控制报警事故处理模块。
对原理样机的调试结果表明，所完成的设计实现了设计任务规定的基本功能。此外，为了满足监控的需求，在系统中增加了通信接口，实现了网络监控功能，这部分超出了设计任务书规定的任务。

关键词：一氧化碳；报警器；单片机

Abstract

As development of society and people’s standard of living, the coal gas or natural gas has been fuel in majority families. Fire hazards and explosions due to gas or natural gas leaking have done a lot of damage to the safety of people’s lives and property. How to prevent gas poisoning and exploding, which now becomes people’s active demand. Therefore we design programmable carbon-alarm-apparatus.
 It can monitor CO intense real – time, and can check and measure many rooms, When CO concentration is higher than allowed value, its control circuit will give an alarm and solve the problem through external fan and electromagnetically operated valve to avoid accident. And this carbon-alarm-apparatus have network-monitor function, it can obtain extension machine information through the main engine, and has the ability of from the main engine controls the extension machine, the host using the string mouth correspondence principle to monitor to each alarm apparatus, when CO concentration oversized, it can reports to the main engine, caused this carbon-alarm-apparatus to have the program control function.
In this paper, the CMOS chip in design is mainly single-chip-microcomputer (SCM) and A/D conversion chips. A program control of this carbon-alarm-apparatus is designed with SCM technology, has mainly used three groups tours examinations method. The part of hardware include the concentration examination. The display unit, key -controls unit, and the unit of alarm-accident-processes. Used SCM to the main body electric circuit control. In the design process I has mainly used the good control performance of SCM, the data transforms to A/D which can carry on the operation analysis, examines the sensor the gas concentration to display on LED, and controls alarm the accident to process the module.
With the rapid development of network technology and the urgently requirement of modern manage, the network-monitor is becoming praxis. In order to meet this situation, increased the correspondence connection in the system, let the network-monitor is becoming true.
In order to confirm the feasibility of this design proposal, I designed A program control of CO Alarm Apparatus and achieved the basic Function.

Key words: CO; Alarm apparatus; Single-chip-microcomputer

目录

引  言 3
1  绪 论 4
1.1 课题背景 4
1.2 一氧化碳报警器的概述 5
1.3 课题研究的目的及意义 5
1.4 系统设计主要任务 6
2  方案设计 6
2.1 设计要求 6
2.2 初始方案 7
2.2.1系统方案的选择 8
2.2.2系统方案的确定 10
2.3 系统组成 10
2.3.1一氧化碳报警器系统的三大部分 11
2.3.2系统各个模块功能说明 12
2.3.3系统功能扩展 13
3  硬件电路设计 13
3.1 设计使用的基本知识介绍 13
3.2 芯片介绍[4]及相关电路模块设计 14
3.2.1主控电路原理 14
3.2.2电源电路 18
3.2.3传感器的选择及电路 20
3.2.4事故处理电路的设计 23
3.2.5显示电路的设计 25
3.2.6 计算机串口通信的技术与其标准 28
3.3设计的硬件电路 34
4  软件部分 35
4.1 单片机编程 35
4.1.1软件部分设计的功能 35
4.1.2程序框图和主要程序介绍 36
4.2 上位机（PC机）编程 38
4.2.1 VB下串行通信的方法 38
4.2.2串行通信的控件MSComm及其使用方法 38
5  系统制作及调试 40
5.1系统PCB板的设计 40
5.1.1确定PCB的大小 40
5.1.2布局 40
5.1.3布线 40
5.2 硬件调试 41
5.2.1检测元器件 41
5.2.2检测各个引脚信号 41
5.3 软件调试 41
6  结论 42
谢  辞 43
参考文献 44
附录1 45

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