基于AT89C51单片机控制的双闭环直流调速系统设计

文档编号:JD526 文档字数:9984,页数:31   程序:C语言，附原理图

摘   要

本文研究的内容是通过单片机产生PWM控制信号从而实现对直流电动机的速度调控。本设计主要介绍了该系统的硬件以及软件具体设计，并对硬件方框图和软件流程图作了一定的描述。根据硬件方框图设计了以下功能模块AT89C51芯片，系统核心控制模块，通过P1.0~ P1.3端口，控制降压斩波电路四个晶闸管的通断来调整和控制直流电动机的电枢电压;降压斩波电路及其驱动模块;电流检测反馈模块;速度检测反馈模块;系统保护电路模块通过整合以上五大模块，从而构成了一个比较完整有效的直流电动机调速控制系统。系统设计合理、功能完善、性能优越，在实际生产中应用效果良好，具有控制方便、组态简单和灵活性大等优点。
关键词：AT89C51单片机；直流电动机；PWM调速

Abstract

The content that this text studies is to produce PWM control signal to realize the pace to the direct current motor and adjust and control through the one-chip computer. Originally design hardware and software that has mainly introduced this system to be designed specifically, and has done certain description to the hardware block-diagram and software flow diagram. Having designed the module AT89C51 chip of following function according to the hardware block-diagram, the systematic core controls the module, pass P1.3 port through P1.0, control, step down, cut wave circuit whom four brilliant floodgate in charge of coherent to come, adjust and control the armature voltage of the direct current motor while being broken:Step down and cut the circuit of wave and drive the module; Electric current measure, feedback;  module pace measure, feedback; module  protect circuit;module AT89C51 one-chip computer module.Adopts and combines the above the five module systematically, thus form a more intact and more effective direct current motor and adjust the control system of the speed. The system is reasonable in design, with perfect function, performance is superior, it is good to apply the result in actual production, control convenient, the configuration is simple and advantage that the flexibility is great.
Keywords: AT89C51；DC- motor；PWM speed control system

目  录
1 概述…………………………………………………………………………………………1
2 PWM直流调速的原理……………………………………………………………………… 2
3 PWM直流调速系统的硬件设计…………………………………………………………… 5
3.1参数计算与元器件选择 …………………………………………………………………5
3.1.1直流电机的技术参数 …………………………………………………………………5
3.1.2 参数计算和元件选择 …………………………………………………………………5
3.2 闭环控制直流调速系统整体方案设计…………………………………………………7
3.3 AT89C51单片机介绍………………………………………………………………………8
3.4 时钟电路的设计………………………………………………………………………… 10
3.5 复位电路的设计………………………………………………………………………… 11
3.6光电隔离及驱动电路设计………………………………………………………………12
3.7 故障检测及保护电路设计……………………………………………………………… 13
3.8 转速检测………………………………………………………………………………… 14
3.9 电流检测……………………………………………………………………………… 16
3.10 AD转换电路……………………………………………………………………………16
4 PWM直流调速系统的软件设计……………………………………………………………17
4.1中值滤波法………………………………………………………………………………17
4.2 控制算法 ………………………………………………………………………………17
4.3程序总体设计……………………………………………………………………………19
结束语…………………………………………………………………………………………22
致  谢…………………………………………………………………………………………23
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………24
附   录程序及原理图………………………………………………………………………25

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