基于MATLAB的水轮发电机调速系统仿真

文档编号:JD569 包括MATLAB程序,开题报告,文档字数:19239,页数:40

摘要
   水电站向电力系统供电的过程中，除了保证供电的可靠性外还应保证电压和电流频率的稳定。由于用户负荷的变化，使系统供电的电压和频率也随之发生了变化，此时发电机的励磁装置便自动调节使发电机的端电压恢复并保持在规定的范围内；而频率的调节则由水轮机的调速器来完成。
 电力系统中，由于负荷的变化而引起的频率过大变化，将会严重的影响供电质量，使电力用户的产品质量下降和正常生产遭受破坏。因此，我国规定电力系统的频率应保持在50Hz/s，其偏差值应该不超过±0.5Hz/s，对大电力系统的频率偏差值应该不超过±0.2Hz/s。这样就要求系统中所有承担负荷的机组，在系统负荷变化时，能迅速改变其输入量，使之适应外界负荷的需要，并同时使电力系统的频率恢复和保持在上述允许的范围之内。
 

关键词: 电流  电压  频率  负荷

Abstract
The water electricity stands the process inside of the direction electric power system power supply, should still guarantee the electric voltage in addition to guaranteeing the dependable of the power supply with the stability of the electric current frequency. Because the variety of that customer carries, make the electric voltage and frequency of the system power supply also taken place ,then the generator equip of encourage magnetic field regulate to make the generator carry the electric voltage to recover then and automatically and keep within the scope of prescriptive; The frequency regulate to be adjusted by water machine .
In electric power system , because the variety of the burthen causable the frequency variety serious, will seriously influence the power supply quantity, make the quantity of products descent of the electric power customer and the normal production suffers breaked. Therefore, the frequency of the our country provision electric power system should keep in a frequency for±Hz/s deviation value should not exceeding 0.5 Hz/ s, to big electric power system deviation value should not exceeding ±0.2Hz/s.It beg the machine a demand for, at the time of system carrying
variety, it can quickly changing its importation measuring, the outsider burthen in orientation that make that undertake the burthen in the system, and make at the same time the frequency instauration of the electric power system with keep scope in admission scope.

Keywords:  electric current  electric voltage frequency  load charge 

目录
1  引言 4
2  水轮机调速系统的结构 4
2.1 考虑刚性水锤的压力引水系统动态特性 5
2.2水轮机传递函数 6
2.3发电机及负荷传递函数 7
2.4液压随动系统 8
2.5水轮机调节系统结构图的化简 9
2.6水电站和水轮机参数有如下范围： 12
2.7 连续系统的离散化 13
3  MATLAB及仿真介绍 14
3.1仿真工具 14
3.2  MATLAB及其模糊逻辑工具箱和仿真环境Simulink。 15
3.2.1    MATLAB概况 16
3.2.2  模糊逻辑工具箱（Fuzzy Logic Toolbox） 16
3.2.3  仿真环境Simulink 18
3.3仿真和优选 18
4  进行PID控制的水轮发电机调速系统三种试验仿真 19
4.1  PID控制理论 19
4.1.1 PID控制的基本概念 19
4.1.2 PID的发展 21
4.1.3  设计PID控制器时要注意的问题 22
4.2 进行PID仿真 23
5  进行模糊-PI控制的水轮发电机调速系统三种试验仿真 24
5.1 基本模糊控制理论 24
5.2  Fuzzy-PI控制器的结构及原理 27
5.2.1 模糊PI控制器结构及原理 27
5.2.2模糊PI控制决策表的建立过程 30
5.3进行FUZZY-PI仿真 35
5.4 进行PID和FUZZY-PI的比较 36
5.5 启动控制策略研究 36
结  论 38
致  谢 39
参 考 文 献 40
附录：程序及其波形 43

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