动力电池充电系统设计

文档编号:JD621  附任务书,开题报告,原理图,文档字数:20036,页数:52

摘    要
铅酸动力蓄电池至今已有一百多年的历史，以动力蓄电池为能源的电动车被认为是21世纪的绿色工程，它的出现将汽车工业的发展带入了一个全新的领域。目前，电动车核心部件中的电动机、控制器和车体三大部件在理论和技术上已较为成熟，而另两大部件蓄电池、充电器的发展还不能满足电动车的要求，有一些理论和技术问题还有待攻关，现已成为影响电动交通工具发展的瓶颈。
自铅酸蓄电池问世以来，由于各种技术条件的限制，所采用的充电方法均未能遵从电池内部的物理化学规律，使整个充电过程存在着严重的过充电和析气等现象，充电效率低。电动车用动力蓄电池与一般蓄电池还有所不同，它以较长时间中等电流持续放电为主，间或以大电流放电，用于起动、加速或爬坡。一般来说，电动车用蓄电池多工作在深度充放电工作状态。因此，对电动车用动力蓄电池的充电提出了不同于常规电池的要求，它必须对蓄电池使用寿命影响小以及充满电判断准确的特点。
本文介绍了铅酸动力电池的充电系统是可以随着电池电量的变化而改变系统的充电方法，本系统通过几个简单的电路组合来实现了这个充电方法，其中没有复杂的元器件，节约了制造成本，有很强的实用价值。
关键词：铅酸动力电池，充电系统，开关电源

Abstract
The storage battery has already had the history of more than 100 years up to now. Electric cars, with power storage cells as their energies, are considered as a green project in the 21st century, whose appearance has led the automobile industry into a brand-new domain. At present, three parts of the core assemblies, including the electric motors, controllers and bodyworks, have been mature both in the theory and the technology, but other two major ones such as storage cells and chargers cannot satisfy the requirement of electric cars. Especially, there are some theoretical and technical problems to solve, which has become the bottleneck to the development of electric transportation vehicles. 
Since lead-acid battery being published, as a result of each kind of engineering factor limit, has used the charge method has not been able to comply with the battery internal physical chemistry rule, makes the entire charging-up to have the serious surcharge and to analyze was mad and so on the phenomena, the charge efficiency is low. The electric car also differs from with the power accumulator cell and the common accumulator cell, it discharges continually by the long time medium electric current primarily, once in a while by the big electric current electric discharge, uses in starting, the acceleration or the hill climbing. Generally speaking, the electric car works with the accumulator cell in the depth charging and discharging active status. Therefore, proposed to the electric car with the power accumulator cell charge is different in the conventional battery request, it must affect small as well as the fill electricity judgment accurate characteristic to the accumulator cell service life. 
This article introduces the charging system of the plumbous-acid power battery. The charging system is a charging method that can change the system along with the change of battery capacity. The system in this article can realize this charging method by combining several simple electric circuits but includes no complex components, saving the production cost and having an important practical value.
 
Key words：Plumbous acid power battery，Charge system，Switch power
 

目    录
摘    要 I
Abstract II
目    录 III
第一章  前  言 1
1.1 铅酸动力电池的发展历史 1
1.2 研究铅酸动力电池的背景及意义 2
1.3 铅酸动力电池充电系统的设计任务与要求 4
第二章 总体设计方案的选择 5
2.1 概述 5
2.2.铅酸动力电池 9
2.2.1 铅酸蓄电池的结构 9
2.2.2 铅酸蓄电池的化学性能 11
2．2．3铅酸蓄电池的充电特性 13
2.3 KA1M0880B 13
2.4 LM358双运算放大 16
2.5 TL431 18
第三章 设计步骤 19
3.1 总体介绍 19
3.2 具体设计步骤和参数计算 19
3.2.1 第一步：定义系统各项参数 19
3.2.2第二步：确定输入电路DC电容器CDC和DC电压VDC范围 20
3.2.3  第三步：确定场效应管的输入电压VRO 22
3.2.4 第四步：确定变压器原边的自感系数Lm和最大占空比Dmax 23
3.2.5 第五步：选择合适的FPS输入电压和最大drain（漏极）电流 26
3.2.6 第六步：确定变压器的变比 27
3.2.7 第七步：负边整流二极管的选择 28
3.2.8 第八步：输出电容器的选择（要考虑电流和电压纹波） 28
3.2.9 第九步：RCD缓冲电路的设计 29
3.2.10 第十步：控制回路的设计 32
3.3 系统工作流程 35
第四章 设计总结与展望 36
4.1 结论-系统总电路图 36
4.2 对进一步研究的展望 36
参 考 文 献 38
致    谢 39
附录1 40
附录2 41
附录3 44

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