超声波倒车雷达系统硬件设计

文档编号:JD644  ,文档字数:17428,页数:40

摘   要

汽车倒车雷达是针对当前公路、街道、停车场、车库等越来越拥挤，加上存在视觉盲区，无法看见车后的障碍物，司机在倒车时很容易刮伤汽车，甚至发生事故的情况而出现的一种旨在倒车防护的汽车防撞系统。该系统能够在汽车以较低的速度进行倒车的过程中，识别出车后部的障碍物，并能够测量车与障碍物之间的距离，在车辆与障碍物发生碰撞前，发出声光报警，提醒司机刹车。
本设计从实验研究分析的角度，分析了超声波测距原理以及国内外此类汽车倒车雷达存在的问题，提出了目前最简单、实用的一种倒车雷达实现方案，即基于成都国腾微电子公司GM3101倒车雷达芯片为核心的超声波测距倒车雷达,该芯片功能集成度高，外围只需接上超声波传感器和功率器件就可以实现整个系统功能，也不需要软件编程。同时设计中围绕目前呼声很高的汽车电器网络化实现，提出倒车雷达数据基于新型总线XY-CN BUS的传递方案。系统设计中采用了模块设计思想，简化了调试工作量，最终很好完成了超声波测距倒车雷达系统的硬件设计、软件设计及系统调试。

关键词：汽车倒车雷达，超声波，GM3101芯片，XY-CNBUS   AT89S51

Abstract

Automobile Reversing Radar (ARR) is a protection system which appeared in the condition of that the cars are scratched easily, even some of the accidents happen when drivers reverse, for the reason of that the current highway, street, parking lots and garages are getting more crowded, and the drivers are unable to see obstacles behind the vehicle because of the existence of visual blind spots, aimed at prevent a car crash when reversing. The reversing radar system, which can recognize the barrier at the back of car when the vehicles reverse at a low speed, and is capable of measuring the distance between the vehicle and obstacles, warned the drivers to brake at the way of sound and light, before the collision occurred.
The design analyzes how the ultrasonic measure distance and what the problem of the other automobile reversing radars which have appeared at home and abroad are, from the perspective of research and analysis. Then introducing the most simple and practical way at present to make the ARR, that is, the ARR based in the GM8101 chip which produced in ChengDuGuoTeng Microelectronics Company. The chip is integrated highly, can function as a whole system by only connecting to external ultrasonic sensor and power device, and does not require software programming. Meanwhile, as the research about realizing the vehicle electrical network is becoming more and more popular today, a program that the data of the ARR is transferred in a new kind of bus called as XY-CN. A modular design concept was used at the process of designing the system, it simplifies the debugging workload. Ultimately, hardware design, software design and system debugging about the ARR was completed very well.
Keywords：Automobile Reversing Radar，Ultrasonic ，GM3101，XY-CN BUS   AT89S51
          
目  录

摘   要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 发展概况和当前存在的问题 1
1.2.1 发展概况 1
1.2.2 当前存在的问题 3
1.3 本设计的主要内容和目的 4
第二章 系统相关理论与结构 5
2.1 超声波测距基本原理 5
2.2 XY-CN BUS总线介绍 6
2.2.1 概述 6
2.2.2 系统由来 7
2.2.3 XY-CN BUS型总线特点 8
第三章 硬件设计及调试 9
3.1 系统总体方案设计 9
3.2 GM3101芯片 9
3.2.1 概述 9
3.2.2  工作特征 10
3.2.3 封装及引脚功能说明 11
3.2.4 芯片具体功能及应用 11
3.3 XY-CN BUS专用数字通讯芯片 13
3.3.1 CMT001芯片 13
3.3.2 CMT001芯片应用参考电路（供电1mA） 14
3.3.3 CMT100芯片 15
3.3.4 CMT100芯片应用参考电路 15
3.4 系统电路解析及工作原理 16
3.4.1 上位机电路解析 16
3.4.2 下位机电路解析 20
3.4.3 工作原理 21
3.5 实验安装及调试 22
3.5.1 焊接 22
3.5.2 调试过程及方法 23
第四章 软件设计及调试 25
4.1 系统软件设计整体介绍 25
4.2 上位机软件设计 26
4.2.1 上位机程序主流程图 26
4.2.2 雷达模块程序设计 27
4.2.3 上位机接收数据程序设计 28
4.2.4 上位机发送数据程序设计 30
4.3 下位机软件设计 30
4.3.1 下位机程序主流程图 30
4.3.2 下位机接收数据程序设计 31
4.3.3 LCD液晶显示程序设计 32
4.4 软件调试简介 33
结束语 34
参 考 文 献 35
致 谢 36

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