铁矿石与石油卖方垄断策略之比较

^论文编号:GM109       ^论文字数:13515,页数:21

摘　  要

      随着经济的高速发展，我国资源消耗量速猛增加，资源的对外依存度日益升高。然而，作为资源进口大国，在面对国际基础资源市场上的垄断卖方，确定进口价格时，我国却少有定价权。本文以铁矿石、石油为例，首先对国际铁矿石和石油市场现状进行深入分析，窥视当今铁矿石和石油市场格局及其定价机制，发现其垄断的市场条件。接着以理论与实际相结合的方式，对比探讨铁矿石寡头卖方及OPEC如何实现其对产品市场价格和市场份额的控制，并从市场结构和博弈论等角度对双方垄断形式与策略进行比较，指出其相同与不同之处。最后在此基础上得出结论，并提出提高铁矿石、石油等基础性资源议价能力的相关政策建议。

【关键词】　卖方垄断    斯塔克尔伯格均衡    纳什均衡

 Abstract

During recent years, china has been experiencing a high development period. The wastage of resource which more and more depend on importing is increasing fiercely. However, facing the international monopoly form resource market, china, as one of the largest purchaser in international resource market, obtained little priority in fixing the price. This thesis takes iron ore and petroleum as examples, firstly deeply analyze the international market regarding the iron ore and the petroleum, from which information about the iron ore and the petroleum in detail can be gained as well as the price mechanism concerning the items mentioned. Moreover, the condition for monopoly can also be discovered. Then, the approach in which the monopoly achieves its control on the price and share of the products is discussed seriously, theory and practice are combined in the analysis. In addition, the same and differences are pointed out after carefully comparing their monopoly form and strategy through the view of market structure and game theory. Finally, conclusions are raised base on the above analysis, meanwhile, several relevant policy advice are put forward for enhancing the capability with regard to the negotiation on the basal resources like the iron ore and the petroleum.

【key words】  Monopoly    Stackelberg equilibrium    Nash equilibrium

目   录

1 导论 ......................................................2
1.1 寡头的界定 ..............................................2
1.2 相关文献综述 ............................................2
1.3 选题背景和意义 ..........................................3
1.4 ^论文思路及内容 ..........................................3
2 世界铁矿石市场状况分析 ....................................4
2.1 世界铁矿石资源储量及产量分布 ............................4
2.2 世界铁矿石供给与需求状况分析 ............................5
2.3 铁矿石定价机制 ..........................................7
3 世界石油市场状况分析 ......................................7
3.1 欧佩克及其形成背景 ......................................7
3.2  全球石油的供给与需求状况 ...............................8
3.3 国际原油定价机制 ........................................9
4 铁矿石与石油卖方垄断策略比较分析 ..........................10
4.1铁矿石与石油卖方垄断策略相同之处分析 .....................10
4.2 铁矿石与石油卖方垄断策略异同之处分析 ....................11
4.2.1产品价格影响力的差异 ...................................11
5.  结论及提高我国在基础资源价格上发言权的对策 ..............17
5.1 结论 ....................................................17
5.2 发展期货市场，逐步建成国际定价中心 ......................17
5.3 建立国内企业采购联盟，争取合理的价格 ....................17
5.4 实行走出去战略，鼓励中国企业到境外投资资源性行业 ........18
5.5 妥善处理长期协议贸易与现货贸易的关系 ....................18
5.6 打破国内资源市场的垄断，建立谈判协同机制 ................19
参考文献  ...................................................20
致谢  .......................................................21

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