DSP处理GPS接收数据的应用研究

文档编号:TX006           字数:21881,页数:54 

摘    要
随着电子技术和通信技术的不断进步，以及新的软/硬件开发工具的出现，GPS技术也将获得快速发展。从早期的单点定位和相对定位，发展到目前的差分定位和广域差分定位；从接收到数据后处理到目前的实时数据处理。DSP作为专门为快速实现各种数字信号处理算法而设计的、具有特殊结构的微处理器,配有特殊的DSP指令集,编程灵活,开发较容易,运算速度高,与其他单片处理器相比较具有小体积、高速度,低功耗,高可靠性的特点,适合对高复杂性的GPS 信号的实时处理，高速的DSP数字信号处理器可以让GPS数据更新率降低到0.1秒。
本文首先对本课题的背景、研究现状和GPS的产生、发展、特点及一些本文应用到的关键技术作了简单的介绍，然后进行DSP处理GPS数据接收系统的硬件设计，整个系统可以分为两大模块：接收模块和处理模块。接收模块以GPS为核心，主要进行了GPS与PC机、GPS与DPS之间的接口电路设计；处理模块以DSP处理器为核心，主要是对DSP与PC机之间的接口电路的设计。最后是对软件的设计，包括系统初始化程序设计、导航电文的接收与判断、系统串口通信的设计、导航电文提取及解算程序设计、信号处理模块程序设计，信号处理模块通过在DSP实验箱上的仿真验证了程序的正确性。

关键词：GPS   DSP   定位   数据接收   实时处理

ABSTRACT
GPS technology has been developing rapidly in recent years because of the advancement of electronic technology and communication technology as well as the appearance of new software and hardware for exploration. It developed from the simple point localization and the relative localization to the difference localization and the macrozonality difference localization, from reception to the data post-processing and then real-time data processing. GPS is a specially-structured micro-processor designed for the rapid realization of various digital signal algorithm processing; it possesses unique sets of instructions, flexible programming, high operating speed and is easy to explore. Compared with other monolithic processors, GPS is characterized by small volume, high speed, low power loss and high reliability, thus it suits to process real-time GPS signals which are very complex because a high speed GPS digital signal processor can reduce the renewing rate of digital to 0.1 second.
This thesis firstly makes a brief review on the background, current studies of this subject and introduces the appearance, development and characteristic and some related key technologies of GPS. And then the author carries on DSP processing and designs the hardware of GPS digital receiving system. The whole system consists of two modules: receiving module and processing module. The receiving module takes GPS as a core, mainly dealing with the design of connection circuit between GPS and PC machine, between GPS and DPS; the processing module takes the DSP processor as a core, also throwing efforts on the design of the connection electric circuit between GPS and PC machine. Finally comes the design of software, including system initialization programming, receiving and judgment of navigational telegram text, the design of system string correspondence, the programming design of the navigational telegram text collection and calculation, the design of signal processing module, and the author proves the correctness of the signal processing module through simulation in the DSP experiment box.

KEY  WORDS：GPS， DSP， Positioning，Data reception， Real-time  processing

目   录
摘    要  
ABSTRACT   
第一章  绪论   1
1. 1  课题研究背景   1
1. 2  课题研究现状   1
第二章  GPS概述   4
2. 1  GPS及其特点    4
2. 2  GPS的载波信号   4
2. 3  GPS定位原理    7
2. 4  导航电文   8
2. 4. 1  导航电文格式   8
2.4.2  导航电文的内容   8
2.5  GPS 原始数据特点   9
第三章   DSP处理GPS接收数据系统硬件设计   10
3. 1  硬件介绍   10
3.1.1  GPS模块   10
3.1.2  DSP模块   11
3. 2  系统结构总体设计   12
3. 3  GSP与PC机接口电路设计   13
3. 4  DSP与PC机接口电路设计   15
3. 4. 1  ICETEK-DM642-PCI评估板功能概述   15
3. 4. 2  TL16C752B介绍   16
3. 5  GPS与DSP接口电路设计   19
第四章  DSP处理GPS接收数据系统软件设计   19
4. 1  系统软件总体设计思想   19
4. 2  系统初始化设计   21
4. 3  导航电文的接收与判断   21
4. 4  系统串口通信设计   22
4. 4. 1  DSP串口通信设计   22
4. 4. 2  GPS与PC机串口通信设计   24
4. 5  导航电文提取及解算程序设计   25
4. 5. 1  导航电文的提取   25

4. 5. 2  导航电文的解算   27
4. 6  信号处理模块程序设计   27
4. 6. 1  FFT算法程序设计   28
4. 6. 2  卡尔曼滤波算法程序设计   34
第五章  总结   36
结 束语   37
参考文献   38
附    录   39

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