基于internet的嵌入式远程测控终端研制

文档编号:TX047       文档字数:61106,页数:110

摘    要
本文尝试并实现了借助现有信息网络Internet结合嵌入式测控终端节点完成对远程现场对象的测试与控制的构想。研制过程中，我们通过对网络以及终端系统方案的论证、软、硬件平台的研发以及应用层的开发，为从任何地点、在任何时间都能够获取到现场测试信息并实施控制的愿望提供了机制保证。
在网络架构方面，在分析数据传输模式以及静态、动态网页刷新技术的基础上，通过将B/S与C/S模式相结合的方法，利用Java Applet浏览器端动态网页技术以及嵌入式web server技术,在客户浏览器端和测控终端之间建立了基于HTTP以及通用Socket调用的两类通讯信道，通过网页文件和测控数据分开传输的方式实现动态交互。
对于测控终端平台，从实现基本的Internet接入功能及实现基本的测控功能方面，兼顾软、硬件协同考虑，提出了采用ARM-Linux架构来构建通用应用平台的方案。
硬件系统上，采用了一款片上集成丰富接口资源的ARM720T内核微处理器为主控芯片，在最小系统基础上扩展了以太网控制芯片，从而实现测控与网络功能一体化。
软件系统上，采用Linux内核为系统支撑，构建了包括ARMboot、设备驱动模块以及文件系统在内的完整软件系统平台。根据需要，在底层开发了包括I/O、A/D模块在内的设备驱动程序；在上层集成了以thttpd为基础的HTTP服务器，并利用Socket调用开发了客户端以及测控终端的测控数据通讯服务程序。最后对基于KVM的实现进行了探讨。
通过示例验证，系统最终实现了测控终端数据、状态的回传显示；客户端通过基于网页的图形用户界面（Web Based User Interface,WBUI）对终端实施控制以及客户端对终端的在线配置等基本功能。
本系统为国内开发自主、开源的远程测控终端平台提供了一个切实可行的参考方案。

关键词：远程测控，嵌入式web server，ARM-Linux，Socket，WBUI，Internet

ABSTRACT
The paper makes an effort and finally implemented the concept that using the in existence Internet to monitor and control the remote filed object with the help of embedded terminal. Through reasoning of the network structure, developing of the software and hardware on platform level as well as the application level of the terminal, we provide a approach for the wish of monitoring and controlling filed objects at any time in any where.
 As far as the network structure been concerned, basing on the analyzing of data transmission mode as well as static and dynamic web refresh technology, with the method of combining B/S and C/S mode, using browser side dynamic web refresh technology Java Applet and the embedded web server technology, HTTP based and Socket based two communication channels have been established between the client side browser and terminal server side. So that the dynamic interaction was implement- ed by dividual transmition of the web page and the monitoring controlling data.
As far as the terminal been concerned, feeding the needs of basic Internet access ability as well as the basic monitoring and controlling ability, giving attention to the cooperation of software and hardware, we come up with an ARM-Linux based structure conception for construct an universal application platform.
In aspect of hardware, a highly integrated ARM720T core based MPU been used as the main controller extended with an ethernet controller besides the mini-periphery system so as to integrating the networking monitoring and controlling altogether.
In aspect of software, the Linux kernel been used as the system underlay equipped with ARMboot and the file system to form a whole software platform. In needs of applications, on the bottom layer, device drivers including I/O mode and A/D mode was developed, while on the top layer a thttpd based HTTP server was integrated as well as the Socket API based communication program between client side browser and terminal server side. Finally a KVM based implementation was discussed.
Validated by the demonstration,the system finally implemented the feed back of filed monitoring data,the controlling through the WBUI and the on line configration.
The system provided an positively feasible solution for domestically developing of the independent and source open remote controlling and monitoring terminal.

Key words： remote controlling and monitoring, embedded web server, ARM-Linux,
Socket, WBUI, Internet

目    录
摘    要   I
ABSTRACT   II
目    录   III
第1章 绪论   １
1．1研究目的和意义   １
1．2国内外现状   ２
1．3主要研究工作   ４
第2章 系统方案   ５
2．1网络架构方案   ５
2．1．1 C/S与B/S模式   ５
2．1．2 HTTP及CGI   ７ 
2．1．3动态网页技术   １４
2．1．4系统实现   １９
2．2 终端平台方案   ２１
2．2．1 软件环境   ２１
2．2．2 硬件环境   ２５
2．2．3实现方案   ２８
2．3小结   ３１
第3章 终端平台硬件系统开发   ３２
3．1 最小系统   ３２
3．1．1 微处理器   ３２
3．1．2数据/程序存储器   ３６
3．1．3辅助模块   ３８
3．2 网络模块   ４１
3．2．1芯片特性   ４１
3．2．2工作原理   ４２
3．2．3接口设计   ４３
3．3 I/O、模拟数字、测控通讯模块   ４３
3．3．1 I/O模块   ４４
3．3．1 模拟数字转换模块   ４４
3．3．2 通讯模块   ４６
3．4 小结   ４８

第4章 终端平台软件系统开发   ４９
4．1 软件开发环境及机理   ５０
4．1．1 编译环境  ５１
4．1．2 调试环境  ５４
4．1．3系统运行机理   ５５
4．2 启动加载程序移植   ５７
4．2．1 ARMboot启动流程   ５７
4．2．2 ARMboot移植   ６１
4．3 ARM-Linux内核移植   ６３
4．3．1 ARM-Linux启动流程   ６４
4．3．2 ARM-Linux内核板级移植   ６８
4．4文件系统建立   ７３
4．5 设备驱动开发   ７６
4．5．1 驱动加载原理   ７７
4．5．2 驱动模块开发   ７８
4．6 小结   ８２
第5章 应用层开发   ８３
5．1 B/S模式的建立   ８３
5．1．1 HTTP服务器选型   ８３
5．1．2 HTTP服务器集成   ８５
5．1．3 CGI表单处理   ８６
5．2 C/S模式的建立   ８８
5．2．1 C/S模式程序开发   ８９
5．2．2 报文约定   ９２
5．3 基于KVM实现的探讨   ９３
5．4小结   ９４
第6章 应用示例   ９５
6．1程序设计   ９５
6．2 界面示例   ９９
第7章 结论与展望   １００
7．1结论   １００
7．2展望   １０１
参 考 文 献  102

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