主板开关电源的设计与检测

文档编号:DZXX453  文档字数:22327,页数:56 附任务书，外文翻译

主板开关电源的设计及检测
 
摘要：随着电力电子技术的发展和新型功率元器件的不断出现，开关电源技术得到了飞速的发展，在计算机、通讯、电力、家用电器、航空航天等领域取得了显著的成果。本文档是通过用电源控制芯片M51995AFP设计并制作一种开关电源，该开关电源是通过PWM技术控制开关的占空比来调整输出电压的，以达到稳定输出的目的。
 本毕业设计的宗旨是实现开关式电源方案并运用到交流电源稳定的场合。阐述一种利用脉冲宽度调制（PWM）技术配合高速电子开关、高频电子变压器和LC滤波器实现交流开关式稳压电源的实现思路。与传统的可控硅调角式交流稳压电源相比，具有效率高、体积小、非线性失真度低、输出电压和电流稳定等特点。本文先从交流开关稳压电源的实现机理逐步展开，涉及到可控正弦波产生器、三角波发生器、比较器、脉冲宽度调制（PWM）器、高速电子开关、高频电压变换器以及微处理器及其周边元部件等。接着对调试、检测等也有相应的叙述
关键词：脉冲宽度调制（PWM）器 ；  电子开关 ； 电子变压器 ；

Design and Detection Of The Main board’s Power Switch
 

Abstract：With the development of the electronic technology and the emerging of new power components, switching power supply has been widely used in computer, communications, electricity, home appliances and aerospace fields, achieving remarkable results. The purpose of this papers is to design and make a switching power supply based on control chip M51995AFP and PWM Control. This switching power supply could adjust the output voltage by using the duty cycle of PWM Control. Stable output purposes could be attained.
 The objective of this graduation project's is to realizes the switch type power source plan and use into the alternating current supply stable situation. Elaborated a kind of mentality that using the pulse width modulation (PWM) the technical coordination high-speed electronic switch and  the high frequency electronic transformer and the LC filter to realize the exchange switch type voltage-stabilized source. Compares the angle type exchange voltage-stabilized source with the traditional silicon-controlled rectifier. This type has high efficiency , small volume , low misalignment degree of distortion ,and it is very stable of output voltage and electric current and so on characteristics. This article Launches gradually from the mechanism of the exchange switch voltage-stabilized source, involves to the controllable sine wave producer, the triangular wave generator, the comparator, the pulse width modulation (PWM), the high-speed electronic switch, the voltage converter as well as the microprocessor and the peripheral Yuan part and so on. Then to debugs, the examination and so on also have a corresponding certain introduction, finally has given the conclusion which tests according to the design requirements.Key words: Switching Power Supply; Duty cycle; PWM
 

目录
1． 绪论 1
1.1  开关电源的概念和分类 1
1.1.1开关电源的概念 1
1.1.2开关电源的分类 3
1.2  开关电源设计中存在的问题与未来发展 5
1.2.1开关电源中存在的问题 5
1.2.2开关电源的发展趋势 5
2． 开关电源的设计基础 6
2.1  开关电源的控制方式 6
2.1.1脉宽调制的基本原理 6
2.1.2脉冲频率调制的基本原理 7
2.2  各类拓扑结构电源分析 8
2.3  谐振式电源与软开关技术 13
2.3.1电路的谐振现象 13
2.3.2谐振式电源的基本原理 14
2.3.3谐振开关的动态过程分析 15
2.3.4软开关技术及常见软开关拓扑简介 19
2.4  其它软开关技术应用及发展概况 25
3． 开关电源设计 27
3.1  开关电源集成控制芯片 27
3.1.1芯片管脚排列及说明 27
3.1.2芯片基本特性 28
3.1.3芯片工作原理分析 29
3.2  开关电源电路分析 36
3.2.1开关电源电路原理图 36
3.2.2开关电源各单元电路具体分析 38
4． 开关电源故障的检测 44
4.1  开关电源故障的一般检测 44
4.1.1 外观、结构、工作噪声检验方法 44
 4.2 综合电气性能测试实验 45
4.2.1 绝缘电阻和抗电强度测试 45
4.2.2 输入浪涌电流 46
4.2.3 输出电压、输入功率、输入功率因素、工作效率 46
4.2.4 输出电压纹波及噪声 47
4.2.5 输出过流保护值和短路保护（OCP 和SCP） 48
4.2.6 输出电压过压保护（OVP） 49
4.2.7 过冲幅度及暂状恢复时间 49
4.2.8 启动时间及维持时间 50
结论  52
参 考 文 献  53
致谢  54
附录  55

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