浅论清朝律与例的关系

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摘   要
律与例是明清时期两种最主要的法律形式，其中律是秦汉以来最正统、最持久的法律形式，我国封建社会中各朝各代都将“律”作为其刑事法典的名称，它具有稳定和概括的特点。而例是在律之外的另一种法律形式，具有详尽、灵活的特点。对于律例关系的问题，并不如某些学者所说：至清朝时，律已是形同虚设，甚至例可“破”律、例可“代”律,。而应是以律为主导，律例并行，即律是国家最根本的规范，例的产生是根据社会的变化以补律之不足，但是“律”、“例”都是国家重要的法律规范，二者同时规定在国家的基本法典之中，同样对现实社会关系起着实际的调节作用。在清朝产生这样一种律例关系的原因除了律例自身特点的影响外，还与清朝“准古酌今”的立法思想和立法者对例的定期修定有关。

关键词：律 例 律例关系
 
The Relationship between Lv and Li in the Qing Dynasty
Abstract
Lv and Li are two important legal forms in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Lv which is the most orthodox Qin and Han dynasties, the most lasting legal form, China's feudal society of all generations will be in the "Lv" as the name of the Criminal Code, it has a stable and broad characteristics. Li is outside Lv in a legal form, with detaile and flexible features. The relationship between Lv and Li does not , as some scholars have said: to the Qing, Lv is useless, and even taking Li break or replace Lv. But it should be Lv and Li have parallel. In the state Lv is the most fundamental norms, the selection of Li is based on changes in society to fill the insufficient Lv,"Lv" and "Li" are countries important legal forms, they are the basic provisions of the Code at the same time, the same reality of the actual social relations plays a regulatory role. The reason that there is such a ralationship between Lv and Li in Qing dynasty is ralated to the legislation of Qing dynasty and legislators on the idea of periodic revision of the cases ,besides the impact of the Lv and Li’s own characteristies.

Key words： Lv； Li；  relationship between Lv and Li

目  录
摘要............................................................... Ⅱ
ABSTRACT........................................................... Ⅲ
前言 ............................................................ ...1
一、律与例的概念及特点.............................................. 1
（一）律的概念及特点 ............................................... 1
1．律的概念 .........................................................1
2．律的特点......................................................... 1
（二）例的概念及特点 ............................................... 3
1．例的概念..........................................................3
2．例的特点..........................................................3
二、清朝“律例并行、以例辅律”的律例关系 ........................... 4
三、清朝律例关系的具体体现...........................................4
（一）律例并行...................................................... 4
（二）依律定例，以例辅律............................................ 5
（三）“以例破律”的现象并不普遍 ................................... 7
四、清朝出现“律例并行，以例辅律”关系的原因 ....................... 7
（二）清朝“准古酌今”立法思想的影响...............................  7
（二）清朝定期修例对律例关系的影响.................................  8
（三）律例自身特点的影响...........................................  8
结  语 ............................................................. 9
参考文献 ........................................................... 10
致  谢 ............................................................ .11

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