论产品瑕疵责任与产品缺陷责任

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摘 要
 产品瑕疵责任和产品缺陷责任是产品相关责任制度中比较容易混淆的一对概念，我国相关法律并没有对他们作出严格的界定。产品瑕疵是指产品不符合合同约定的标准，在质量、性能、用途和有效期限等方面存在不合格的状况。产品缺陷是指产品存在危及人身、财产安全的不合理的危险。相应地，产品瑕疵责任和产品缺陷责任就是指在产品存在瑕疵时和产品存在缺陷时所产生的民事法律责任。本文的重点是产品瑕疵责任和产品缺陷责任之间的关系。产品瑕疵责任与产品缺陷之间有联系，也存在区别。产品瑕疵责任和产品缺陷责任主要体现在：判断标准不同、责任主体不同、责任性质不同、免责条件不同以及责任承担方式不同。此外，本文还重点研究了产品瑕疵责任的归责原则和产品缺陷责任的归责原则，本文的观点是产品瑕疵责任的归责原则是无过错责任原则，而产品缺陷责任的归责原则分不同的情况分别为严格责任和过错责任。
 在此基础上，本文对一个“高压锅爆炸案”展开了详细的分析。产品瑕疵责任和产品缺陷责任的归责原则也不同，这主要是出于立法者对不同利益的平衡。本文认为，我国产品瑕疵责任体系臻于完善，但是产品缺陷责任体系还需要进一步改进。

关键词：产品瑕疵责任 产品缺陷责任 区别

THE RESEARCH ON LIABILITY FOR WARRANTY AGAINST DEFECTS AND PRODUCT DEFECT LIABILITY

ABSTRACT
 Liability for warranty against defects and product defect liability are easy to be confused, and the laws do dot make any definition about them. In liability for warranty against defects, the term defects refers to the status that the products do not fit in with the criterion the contract provides. But in product defect liablity the term defect refers to the products contain unreasonable dangers which could damage the users’ properties or bodies. Correspondingly, the two liablities belong to the civil liablities caused by the products which is in some status mentioned above. There are some relationships between liability for warranty against defects and product defect liablity, but there are many differences between the two, which need to be differentiated well. The difference s of the two liabilities lie in the criterion, the liablity taker, the quality, the liablity-taking-off cindition and the manner of liability assuming.
 On the basis of the research above, this paper adopted a case in which a pressure cooker exploded and the issue of the two liabilities arose. The principles of the liablity undertaking are also different in liability for warranty against defect and product defect liability, for the legislator may use different principles to balance the intrests of every parties. The legal system of liability for warranty against defects functions well in China, but the legal system of product defect liability is far from perfection and need to be improved.

Key Words: Liability for warranty against defects,Product defect liability,Difference

目  录
摘要………………………………………………………………III
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………...IV
引言………………………………………………………………..1
一、产品瑕疵责任与产品缺陷责任概述………………………..2
（一）产品瑕疵责任概述………………………………………………2
1.产品瑕疵概念………………………………………………………………………2
2.产品瑕疵责任概念…………………………………………………………………3
（二）产品缺陷责任概述……………………………………………..3
1.产品缺陷概念………………………………………………………………………3
2.产品缺陷责任概念…………………………………………………………………4
二、产品瑕疵责任与产品缺陷责任的关系分析………………….5
（一）产品瑕疵责任与产品缺陷责任的联系…………………………5
1.两者都是和产品有关的责任……………………………………………………..5
2.两者都是民事责任………………………………………………………………..5
（二）产品瑕疵责任和产品缺陷责任的区别…………………………5
1.判断标准不同………………………………………………………………………5
2.责任主体不同……………………………………………………………………..6
3.责任性质不同………………………………………………………………………6
4.免责条件不同………………………………………………………………………6
5.责任承担方式不同…………………………………………………………………6
（三）产品瑕疵责任与产品缺陷责任关系的案例分析………………7
1.案情介绍……………………………………………………………………………7
2.案情分析及该案例的意义…………………………………………………………7
四、我国产品瑕疵责任与产品缺陷责任归责原则………………10
（一）我国产品瑕疵责任的归责原则…………………………………10
1.确定产品瑕疵责任归责原则的法律依据……………………………………….10
2.确定产品瑕疵责任归责原则应为双重归责原则……………………………….11
（二）我国产品缺陷责任的归责原则………………………………..11
1.确定产品缺陷责任归责原则的法律依据……………………………………….11
2.确定产品缺陷责任归责原则应为双重归责原则……………………………….12
五、对完善我国产品瑕疵责任与产品缺陷责任制度的思考……13
（一）对完善我国产品瑕疵责任的思考………………………………13
1.产品瑕疵责任制度存在的问题………………………………………………….13
2.完善我国产品瑕疵责任制度的思考…………………………………………….14
（二）对完善我国产品缺陷责任的思考…………………………….14
1.扩大产品的范围………………………………………………………………….14
2.扩展产品责任的责任主体……………………………………………………….15
3.完善抗辩事由…………………………………………………………………….15
4.应该明确精神损害赔偿………………………………………………………….15
5.规范间接损失的赔偿范围……………………………………………………….15
结论……………………………………………………………….17
参考文献………………………………………………………….18
致谢……………………………………………………………….19

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