论我国民事抗诉制度的完善

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摘    要
      我国的民事抗诉制度是在民事再审制度的背景下运行的，它不仅体现了检察权对审判权的制约,也体现了检察权对私权领域的干预。因此，民事抗诉权必须受到严格的限制而不应经常性地启动，以免影响审判独立以及损害当事人合法权益。但是，现行法律关于检察机关对于民事抗诉的规定过于笼统，一些规定不够科学，导致实践中对民事抗诉的范围、程序、方式等问题产生较大的分歧，影响了民事抗诉制度的实际作用的发挥，因而需要完善和规范民事抗诉制度，规范人民法院审理抗诉案件的程序。本文从影响民事抗诉制度设计的先决问题，即既判力与民事抗诉的平衡、当事人处分权与抗诉检察权的平衡出发，探讨现行民事抗诉制度存在的问题并尝试提出解决完善的措施。笔者认为在完善现行民事抗诉制度中，首先要明确抗诉制度的性质，即认清民事抗诉救济的补充性，进而厘清抗诉的范围确保抗诉符合补充性和救济性，另外通过司法解释促进实体性抗诉事由的可操作性也极其重要，最后还要完善抗诉的程序性规定以保障制度的良性运作。

关键词    民事抗诉  平衡  缺陷  完善

Abstract

Our country's civil prosecutor-protested system is moves under the civil retrial system's background, it has not only manifested the procuratorial power to the judicial authority restriction, also has manifested the procuratorial power to the private power domain intervention. Therefore, the civil anti-right of suit must receive the strict limit, but should not regularly starting, in order to avoid the influence trial independence as well as harms the litigant legitimate rights and interests. But, the current law is too general about the Procuratorial agency regarding the civil appeal's stipulation, some stipulation insufficient science, causes in the practice to civil questions and so on appeal scope, procedure, way to have the big difference, has affected the civil prosecutor-protested system's actual function display, thus needs to consummate and the standard civil prosecutor-protested system, the standard People's court tries the appeal case's procedure. This article from the influence civil prosecutor-protested system design's prerequisite question, namely already sentences the strength and civil appeal balanced, the litigant disposition right and appeal procuratorial power balanced embarks, in the discussion present legislation and the judicature exists the question and proposes the solution perfect measure.

Key words： civil prosecutorial protest， get the balance， deficiencies， to perfect
    

目    录
摘  要

Abstract ...........................................................Ⅳ
引  言 .............................................................1
一、民事抗诉制度的先决问题 .........................................1
（一）既判力与抗诉再审的平衡 .......................................1
（二）抗诉权与当事人处分权的平衡 ...................................2
二、我国现行民事抗诉制度评析 .......................................3
（一）民事诉讼法相关修改评述....................................... 3
1. 统一抗诉与申请再审事由 ..........................................3
2. 细化抗诉事由 ....................................................3
3. 规定法院审查抗诉的期限和决定再审的方式 ..........................4
4. 明确抗诉再审的审级 ..............................................5
（二）现行民事抗诉制度的缺陷分析 ...................................5
1. 实体性抗诉事由难以把握 ..........................................5
2. 抗诉对象不明确 ..................................................6
3. 抗诉程序规定缺位 ................................................6
三、民事抗诉制度的完善 .............................................7
（一）明确抗诉程序的性质 ...........................................7
（二）厘清抗诉对象的范围 ...........................................7
（三）促进抗诉事由的可操作性....................................... 8
（四）完善抗诉案件的程序规定 .......................................9
1. 建立当事人与检察机关的联系机制 ..................................9
2. 规定检察官庭审中的权利 ..........................................9
3. 确立抗诉时效制度 ................................................9
4. 限制抗诉的次数 ..................................................10
结  论 .............................................................10
参考文献........................................................... 11
致谢 ...............................................................12

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