从民事诉讼法修正案看我国民事再审程序的完善

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摘   要
     再审程序的建立，旨在纠正法院生效裁判的错误，确保法院裁判的公正性、合法性，从而维护法院的权威和社会正义，其地位至关重要。本文结合现代民事诉讼的基本原理，通过对我国民事再审制度存在的主要弊端的分析，反思了我国民事再审制度的立法指导思想缺陷，并从司法实践的角度对完善我国民事再审程序提出了自己的看法。

关键词：民事诉讼法修正案，民事再审程序，再审程序重构，再审之诉

Abstract

      The re-trying procedure's establishment, is for the purpose of correcting the court activation referee's mistake, guarantees the court referee's fairness, the validity, thus maintains the court the authority and the social justice, its status is very important.。This article unifies the modern civil action's basic principle, through to our country civil re-trying system existence's main malpractice's analysis, has reconsidered our country civil re-trying system's legislation guiding principle flaw, and to consummated our country civil re-trying procedure from the judicial practice's angle to propose own view。

Key word: Civil procedure law bill for amendment, civil re-trying procedure, re-trying procedure restructuring, suing of the re-trying

目    录
摘  要.....................................................................Ⅲ
Abstract..................................................................IV
前言 ......................................................................1
 一、现行民事再审程序的弊端 ........................................................1
 （一）现行民事再审制度的设计过于偏重对案件实体真实的追求...........................1
 （二）提起再审主体多元化........................................................1
 （三）依职权发动的再审不受时间和次数的限制.........................................2
 （四）建立再审之诉，立法上程序规则的制订仍不完善，再审事由和范围也仍需要必要的限制.2
 （五）再审缺乏必要的败诉风险责任，导致申诉权被滥用.................................2
二、我国民事再审程序存在的问题分析..................................................3
 （一）实事求是、有错必纠的立法指导思想.............................................3
 （二）申请再审与申诉关系的混乱.....................................................4
三、完善我国民事再审程序的建议......................................................4
 （一）更新我国的立法指导思想.......................................................5
 （二）取消法院依职权提起再审.......................................................5
 （三）改革检察院对法院民事审判的监督...............................................6
 （四）进一步丰富和完善“再审之诉...................................................7
 1、应取消兜底条款...............................................................8
 2、要合理限制因管辖错误、回避、限制当事人辩论权利等事由提起再审 ...................8
 3、关于修正案第187条............................................................9
 4、当事人申请再审案件的范围应有所限制..............................................9
 5、立法应明确规定再审申请以提起一次为限............................................10
 6、应缩短申请再审的法定期间..............................................10
 7、关于修正案第181条........................................................11
结论....................................................................12
参考文献..................................................................13
致谢..........................................................................14

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