论公益诉讼

^论文编号:FY135 ^论文字数:12234,页数:14

 摘    要

 公益诉讼起源于罗马法，发展到今天，被世界上越来越多的国家所接受。以美国和印度为代表的国家在继承古罗马的公益诉讼基础之上，发展并创新了本国的公益诉讼制度，促进了现代公益诉讼的发展。
  改革开放以来，随着我国市场经济的发展，近年来，我国带有公益诉讼性质的诉讼也层出不穷。比如，国有资产大量流失、环境污染等案件令人触目惊心，但都因为我国尚未构建完善的公益诉讼制度而无法进入司法程序。因此，法制的逐步健全和民众法律意识的逐渐增强，亟需我国建立公益诉讼制度，并有效地、切实地发挥其作用，以更好地维护社会秩序和保护社会公共利益。那么什么是公益诉讼？当前我国的公益诉讼的现状如何？我国在构建公益诉讼制度上的理论研究和实践方面是否存在着不足之处？是什么原因致使我国公益诉讼制度发展缓慢？如何构建我国的公益诉讼制度？在构建我国公益诉讼制度时应当怎样与现代公益诉讼相融合？这些问题都需要明确。文章将以公益诉讼的基本理论作为出发点，结合我国以及美国、印度当前公益诉讼的现状及理论研究，并在借鉴美国和印度等公益诉讼发展较完善的国家的经验和理论成果之上，对公益诉讼的有关问题进行初步探讨，并对构建我国公益诉讼提出自己的建议。

关键词：公益诉讼；私益诉讼；完善
 
 Abstract
 The public interest litigation originated from the Roman Law. It was accepted by more and more countries as it is in the course of development. Many representative countries such as America and India, which inherited the merits of Roman Law, developed and then made contributions to their national system of public interest litigation, accelerating the development of the modern system of public interest litigation.  
  After the Reform and Open-up, litigant litigations emerged endlessly along with the development of the Market-Economy. The flow and drain of the state assets, the environment pollution etc is startling. The reason is that the perfected system of public interest litigation hasn’t set up. Therefore, these cases can’t be judged in the proper judicial procedure. However, the perfection of the legal system and the reinforcement of the legal sense need the construction of the system of public interest litigation in our country. Meanwhile, it is necessary to maintain social order and protect the public interests of society efficiently and practically. So what is the public-spirited litigation? How dose it operate at present in China? Dose there exist any imperfections in the theory and practice of system of public interest litigation in our country? What’s the reason for the slowness development of system of public interest litigation? Then how to construct it at present? How to combine it with the modern public interest litigation in the course of constructing our national system of public interest litigation? These problems require to be specified. The current paper first starts from the basic theory of the system public interest litigation as a starting, second discuss problems related to the public interest litigation. At last the author makes her own suggestions on construction of public interest litigation in our country.
 
Keywords: public interest litigation; private benefit lawsuit; perfection 
 
 
  
 目            录
 
一、绪论 1
二、公益诉讼概述 1
（一）公益诉讼概念 1
（二）公益诉讼的作用 2
三 公益诉讼在国外的发展与运用 2
（一）公益诉讼的渊源 2
（二）公益诉讼在美国和印度的发展与应用 3
四、公益诉讼在我国的发展与运用 5
（一）公益诉讼在我国的现状 5
（二）公益诉讼在我国的运用 5
（三）目前我国公益诉讼存在的问题 6
五、构建我国诉讼制度的思考 7
六、结语 8
谢  辞 9
参考文献 10

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