老年糖尿病人营养摄入状况研究

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文档题目：老年糖尿病人营养摄入状况研究
摘　要
 目的：调查了老年糖尿病病人的膳食摄入状况，并分析了与之有关的因素，筛选出和饮食行为最相关的因子进而为加强科学饮食指导提供依据及有效性。为教育者对病人采取有效的指导措施，促进病人良好的饮食行为及健康饮食习惯的养成提供依据。让病人逐渐认识到自己对糖尿病的发展可以有一定的控制力，可自觉改善饮食习惯。
 方法：2009年8-11月在我院门诊就诊的所有符合纳入标准和排除标准的病人205例。通过人口学情况调查表、饮食摄入量表、各类食物的推荐摄入量、饮食行为相关的心理变量表、各种营养素的含量测定方法对糖尿病患者的膳食情况等进行探讨。
 结果：
 1．糖尿病人日总热能控制不理想、膳食不平衡;
 2．糖尿病人普遍存在不良饮食习惯;
 3．因在职、外出就餐、忙碌的生活方式、情绪低落等社会心理因素，常常影响病人的饮食行为，造成病人摄入过多或摄入不平衡。
 4．糖尿病人普遍存在血清铬、硒及维生素E、维生素C、维生素B6缺乏的情况；与病程、血糖控制满意度、并发症无相关。在饮食教育中应告知病人适当摄入粗粮、富含微量元素的食物，避免煎炸烹调方式以减少微量营养素的丢失。
 结论: 通过对老年糖尿病人营养摄入情况的调查,为老年糖尿病患者的营养摄入提供帮助,提示在饮食指导中应为病人制订个体化的饮食处方并教会病人正确选择食物;在饮食指导中应帮助病人建立良好的饮食习惯，减少盐、脂肪的摄入;及时发现影响病人饮食行为的心理社会问题，帮助病人制订解决问题的方法及行为改变的目标，取得家人的支持，使病人养成良好的饮食行为。
 关键词:糖尿病；饮食；营养
 
Title: Research to improve nursing intervention elderly people with diabetes nutritional intake effect
ABSTRACT
Objective
 Survey of the elder diabetes patients in dietary intake, and analyzes the factors related, and eating behavior were the most relevant factors in order to strengthen the guidance and diet provides the basis and effectiveness. For educators on patients to take effective measures to promote the guidance of patient good eating behavior and healthy eating habits form provides the basis. Let patients gradually realize oneself to the development of diabetes can have certain control, can consciously improve diet．
Methods
 During August to November, 2009 in our hospital outpatient clinic of all conform to standards and ruled out the standard in 205 patients. Through the demographic information form and dietary intake of of all kinds of food scale, recommended intake, eating behavior related to the psychological variables, all kinds of nutrients in the determination method for people with diabetes diet, etc are discussed．
Results&Conclusion
 1．Outpatients with diabetes shows apoor control of the total calories intake， point out that the educator must formulation of individual patient prescription and diet to choose the right food teaches patients．in diet guide．
 2．Outpatients diabetes shows widespread unhealthy eating habits．In the diet should be established to help patients in the guidance of dietary habits,reducing salt and fat intake．
 3．Because of on-the-job，dine out,busy lifestyle，depressed and social psychological factors，the patient often influence diet behaviors,patient excessive intake or intake imbalance．In dietary guide is the key that affect patients psychological and social problem eating behavior,helping patients formulate methods to solve the problems and the behavior change target the support of your family,make patient develop good eating behavior．
 5．Outpatients witll type 2 diabetes widespread serum chromium,selenium and vitamin E，vitamin C，vitamin B6，lack of the situation,The course，and without blood glucose control satisfaction,complications．Education should be informed in food grains，rich in patients with appropriate intake of tmco elements，avoid Fried food，cooking methods to reduce the loss of micronutrients．

Key words：diabetes； diet ；nutriente
 
目  录
 
1 绪论 1
1.1 背景及意义 1
1.2目的………………………………………………………………………………….2
1.3关键词及定义……………………………………………………………………….2
1.4文献回顾…………………………………………………………………………….3
2 研究设计 4
2.1研究设计 5
2.2研究对象 5
2.3研究工具 5
2.4研究步骤 5
2.5统计分析 6
3 研究结果 7
3．1人口学情况 7
3．2日总热量控制情况 7
3．3糖尿病患者各类食物每日人均摄入量情况 7
3．4糖尿病患者各类食物每日人均摄入量情况 8
3．5血清营养素含量与相关因素分析 9
4 讨论 10
4．1 糖尿病病人日总量摄入不理想 10
4．2 影响糖尿病病人饮食行为相关因素分析 10
4．3 糖尿病人膳食结构不合理 11
5 推论及建议 12
5．1 结论 12
5．3 本研究局限性及展望 12
致    谢 13
参考文献 14

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