卧式铣床主轴悬臂梁系统振动减振问题的模拟实验研究

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摘要
机床工作时产生振动，不仅会影响机床的动态精度和被加工零件的质量，而
且还要降低生产效率和刀具的耐用度。随着科学技术的飞跃发展，对机器零件的制造精度和表面质量提出了更高的要求，从而机床振动问题的研究成为研制、生产和使用机床部门必须面对的重大课题。本文主要是针对卧式铣床的振动及减振问题的研究。首先，参照X62W型铣床，设计了一台用于减振试验的铣床模型机。其中，盛放不同规格钢球的减振槽相当于一个阻尼消振器，利用钢球之间及其与槽壁之间的碰撞摩擦，消耗铣床模型机的振动能量，以达到减振的目的。其次，利用正弦信号激励的方法测试寻找了模型机的各阶主要频率，并分析了其结构的固有特性。最后，利用正交表安排了五组钢球减振实验以及一组沙子减振实验。六组实验的数据对比及结果分析从一定程度上说明了利用钢球减振的可实施性。
关键词：振动减振，主轴悬臂梁系统，模拟实验研究，固有频率，钢球减振

The horizontal milling machine cantilever beam vibrates the antivibration system the experimental characteristic research。
ABSTRACT
The engine bed has the vibration when it works .Not only can affect the dynamic precision and the part precision of the engine bed, but also reduce the production efficiency and the cutting tool abrasive resistance. With the leap development of the science and technology .It has put forward a higher request to the manufacture precision and the surface quality of the machine part .The engine bed vibration has became a important issue to the development, production and implementation department. This article is focus on the research of the horizontal milling machine vibration and the antivibration question. On the one hand, I has designed a milling machine molding machine that can be used for antivibration experiment refer to the X62W milling machine. The machine has a antivibration trough, we can put different specification steel ball according to our needs, which serve as a damping shock absorb. Utilizing the collision among the steel balls and the collision between the balls and the trough wall, the vibrational energy of the milling molding machine can be seriously reduced, achieving the antivibration goal. Next, the method test which drove using the sine signal has sought the molding machine various steps primary frequency, and has analyzed its structure inherent characteristic. Finally, has arranged five group of steel ball antivibration experiments as well as a group of sand antivibration experiment using the orthogonal array. Six groups test the data contrast and the result analysis showed from certain degree antivibration may implement using the steel ball。
KEY WORDS：Antivibration, Cantilever beam system, inherent frequency, antivibration using the steel ball

目录
第1章  前言┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 1
第2章  机床振动问题的分析┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 3
   2．1  机床减振问题的提出┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉3
   2．2  机床振动产生的原因及减振问题┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉3
         2．2．1  机床振动产生的原因┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 4
         2．2．2  机床减振问题的讨论┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 5
   2．3  本课题的提出┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉7
第3章  铣床模型机的设计┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 9
   3．1  X62W型铣床的介绍┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉  9
   3．2  模型机的设计┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 10
         3．2．1  模型机的总体结构设计┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉10
         3．2．2  模型机的内部选型┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉11
第4章  固有频率的测定┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉13
   4．1  固有频率测定方法的介绍┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 13
         4．1．1  测定固有频率的意义┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉13
4．1．2  仪器介绍┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉13
   4．2  用正弦激励法测固有频率┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 16
   4．3  用脉冲激励法测固有频率┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 18
第5章  模型机的减振试验研究┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉19
1  正交试验原理┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 19
5．1．1  正交试验原理介绍┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 19
5．1．2  正交表安排试验步骤┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 20
5．2  试验方案的选择及试验结果┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 21
5．2．1  钢球减振试验┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 21
5．2．2  沙子减振试验┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 29
5．2．3  结论┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉ 31
第6章  机床动态性能的研究及趋势展望┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉33
总结┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉…………………36
参考文献┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉37
致谢┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉38
附图┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉39

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