我国商业银行贷款定价的问题及对策分析

我国商业银行贷款定价的问题及对策分析

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摘要
随着我国利率市场化改革的深入，我国商业银行在贷款定价上的自主权不断放开，在贷款定价问题上也有了一些新的突破。但许多贷款定价的问题也随之凸显出来，比如我国商业银行缺乏相应的风险定价能力和管理能力，贷款定价模型的可操作性不强、缺乏真正意义上的基准利率等。如何完善利率定价机制和市场利率体系，确定单一基准利率定价机制，建立健全科学高效的利率定价体系，完善利率风险内控机制，提高风险控制能力和管理能力等，对我国商业银行贷款定价的科学管理有着重要意义。深入从各个层面研究了商业银行贷款定价的现状、问题以及对策分析。通过与国外的贷款定价实践进行比较，通过分析贷款定价模型的精髓找到我国贷款定价存在的问题，并相应提出对策，以期能真正指导我国商业银行贷款定价。

关键词：利率市场化；贷款定价；信贷配给；基准利率

Abstract
As China's market-oriented interest rate reform deepens， China's commercial banks in pricing loans on the autonomy of the release， the loan pricing issue also has some new breakthroughs. However， many loan pricing issues also will be highlighted， such as China's commercial banks lack the appropriate risk pricing and management capacity， the loan pricing model operable not strong， and the lack of real sense， such as the benchmark interest rate. How to improve the interest rate pricing mechanisms and market interest rate system to identify a single benchmark interest rate pricing mechanism， establish and improve the scientific and efficient interest rate pricing system， improve the interest rate risk internal control mechanism， improve risk control and management capacity， China's commercial banks on loan pricing of science Management is of great significance。From all levels of in-depth study of the commercial bank loan pricing in the status quo， as well as countermeasures. Through foreign loans and to compare pricing practice， through analysis of loan pricing model to find the essence of China's loan pricing existing problems and put forward countermeasures， with a view to guiding China's real commercial bank loan pricing。

Key words: market-oriented interest rates;loan pricing; credit rationing; benchmark interest rate

目　　录
摘    要 .........................................................I
Abstract .........................................................II
1 绪    论 ......................................................1
1.1 研究背景.................................................... 1
1.2 研究的目的和意义............................................ 1
1.2.1 研究的目的 ................................................1
1.2.2 研究的意义 ................................................2
1.3 国内外研究现状.............................................. 2
1.3.1 国外研究现状 ..............................................2
1.3.2 国内研究现状 ..............................................4
1.4 研究方法和内容 ..............................................4
2 理论基础 ......................................................6
2.1 商业银行贷款定价有关文献述评 ................................6
2.2 相关理论提出 ................................................6
2.2.1 古典利率理论 ..............................................6
2.2.2 可贷资金理论 ..............................................7
2.2.3 流动性偏好理论 ............................................7
2.2.4 利率结构理论 ..............................................8
2.2.5 信贷配给理论 ..............................................9
2.3 商业银行贷款定价方法及其评述 ................................11
2.3.1 成本加成法 ................................................11
2.3.2 基准利率加点法或价格领导法 ................................11
2.3.3 利率上限定价法 ............................................12
2.3.4 客户赢利分析法 ............................................13
2.3.5 成本收益定价法 ............................................14
3 我国商业银行贷款定价的现状和问题 ..............................16
3.1 我国商业银行贷款定价的现状 ..................................16
3.2 我国现行贷款定价机制存在的问题 ..............................17
3.2.1 缺乏真正意义上的基准利率 ..................................17
3.2.2 商业银行缺乏风险定价能力和管理能力 ........................18
3.2.3 商业银行自主定价能力不强 ..................................18
3.2.4 商业银行贷款定价的行业差异和地域差异 ......................19
4 我国商业银行贷款定价的对策分析 ................................21
4.1 优化商业银行贷款定价的外部金融环境 ..........................21
4.1.1 完善以单一基准利率为基础的市场利率体系 ....................21
4.1.2 建立健全商业银行贷款利率定价的保障机制.................... 22
4.2 提高商业银行的自主定价能力 ..................................23
4.2.1 积极培养商业银行的自主定价能力 ............................23
4.2.2 商业银行在贷款定价中不能忽略行业和地区因素 ................24
结    论 .........................................................26
参考文献......................................................... 27
致    谢 .........................................................29
附    录1........................................................ 30
附    录2 ........................................................33

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