废两改元——货币制度及其影响比较分析

内容摘要

 1933年3月10日，国民政府财政部发布《废两改元令》，规定所有公私款项收付、契约票据及一切交易、一律改用银币，不得再用银两，中国币制开始废用银两，改用银元。中国近现代史上，政府实行“物资本位”制度，即纸币发行以物资作为准备金，货币和物资挂钩，通过物资的买卖维持币值稳定。国民政府发行的纸币，经历了“银本位制”“外汇本位制”“金银本位制”数次变革，其以外汇、黄金作为准备金，将币值和金银、外汇相挂钩。这两种货币制度，不仅特点各异，而且结果一成一败，对于两个政权的控制区域，也造成了截然相反的结果。

关键字：废两改元 国统区 解放区 货币制度

目 录

 

绪论·························································· 4 

 一、国统区和解放区差异的货币制度······························· 5

 （一）国统区的货币制度········································· 5

 1、法币制度的确立········································· 5

 2、法币制度的崩溃和失败的“币制改革”······················ 6

 （二）解放区的货币制度······································ 7

 1、解放区的纸币发行状况··································· 7

 2、纸币与实物挂钩的“物资本位“制度······················· 7 

 二、 二者货币制度的不同造成的通货膨胀的不同结果 ·············· 9

 （一） 国统区纸币制度下通货膨胀概况························ 9

 1、1946年通胀的加速····································· 9 

 2、1948年11月后通货膨胀的失控和经济崩溃 ················10 

 3、国统区通货膨胀的影响·································· 10

 （二）解放区“物资本位”制度下的通货膨胀 ··················· 12 

 1、解放区温和的通货膨胀·································· 12

 2、解放区通货膨胀的结果和影响···························· 12

 三、二者差异的启示··········································· 13

 （一）两种非常态货币制度的优劣比较························· 13

 1、解放区“物资本位”制度的比较优势······················ 13

 2、国统区货币制度的弊端···································14

 （二）在通胀中货币的本质和职能的体现························14

 1、在通货膨胀状况下货币职能的退化·························14

 2、通胀中货币本质的体现——购买力·························14

 （三）对于现代国家货币制度建设的启示······················ 14

 1、“物资本位”制度对于现代国家货币制度的启示··············14

 2、控制好货币量是稳定货币制度的重要途径之一·············· 14

 结语··························································15

 参考文献······················································17

 致谢··························································18