基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计

文档字数:19370,页数:58

基于单片机的步进电机控制系统
摘    要

 当今世界机械制造业将进入全盘自动化的时代。在自动化的发展过程中，传统的步进电机由于其控制和驱动电路复杂、成本又高一旦成型就难于修改、可变性较差很难适应一些智能化要求较高的场合。这些问题等缺点正慢慢地被电路简单可靠，灵活方便，成本低廉，通用性强的基于单片机控制的步进电动机所取代。步进电机是一种通过电脉冲信号控制相绕组电流实现定角转动的机电元件,与其他类型电机相比具有易于开环精确控制、无积累误差等优点,在众多领域中获得了广泛的应用。为了得到性能优良的控制结果,出现了很多步进电机控制系统,其中采用单片机作为控制核心的控制系统得到了广泛的应用。本设计是基于单片机的步进电机控制系统，通过以单片机AT89S51作为系统的核心控制，用单片机的定时器来实现脉冲分配和大功率驱动电路ULN2003共同组成步进电机的驱动器，来控制步进电机的转动速度与方向。通过LCD12864能对电机的转速等状态进行直观的显示，加以键盘可以设定步进电机的圈数、速度、方向等的数值，具有极高的人机交互能力，增加了系统的操控性。并且本设计采用了C语言编写程序，实现了电机控制的便捷性与实用性。
关键词： 步进电机  51单片机  LCD12864  C语言

Microcomputer-based stepper motor control system

Abstract

 The world will enter a completely automated machinery manufacturing area. In the automated process of development, the traditional stepping motor because of its complexity and high cost control and drive circuit, once modified, difficult to adjust to variability requires high intelligence situation .There shortcoming is slowly being the circuit simple, reliable, flexible, low cost, general-purpose microcomputer-based control of stepper motor replaced. Stepper motor is controlled by electrical pulse signal phase winding current to achieve fixed angle rotating electromechanical components. Compared with other types of motor control with easy-to-open-loop precision, no accumulation of error of the advantages gained in many fields has been widely used . In order to obtain excellent control of the result, there has been a lot of stepping motor control system, which employs a single chip as the control of the control system has been widely used. This design is based on the step motor control system, through a single chip AT89S51 as the core of the system control, with the microcontroller timer to achieve pulse distribution and the power drive circuit ULN2003 together constitute the stepper motor drive to control the stepper moto’s rotation speed and direction. By LCD12864 motor rotation speed can state visual display, the keyboard can be set to the stepper motor turns, speed and direction values, human-computer interaction has a very high capacity, increasing control of the system. And the design uses a C language program to realize the motor control of the convenience and practicality.

Keywords: Stepper motor; 51 SCM; LCD12864; C language

目   录
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目录 iii
第一章 绪 论 1
 1.1 引言 1
 1.2步进电机的现状和发展趋势 1
 1.3 国内外常见的步进电机控制系统 2
1.3.1基于电子电路控制 2
1.3.2基于单片机控制 2
1.3.3 基于PLC的控制 2
 1.4文档研究的目的和内容 3
第二章 步进电机的概述 4
 2.1步进电机的特征 4
2.1.2步进电机的分类 4
2.1.3步进电机的性能指标 5
 2.2步进电机的工作原理 5
 2.3步进电机的控制原理 6
 2.4步进电机的应用 7
第三章 系统硬件设计 7
 3.1 系统的核心——AT89S51 8
3.1.1 AT89S51简介 8
3.1.2 AT89S51的特性 9
3.1.3 AT89S51的管脚说明 9
 3.2 外围电路的设计 11
3.2.1 显示电路设计 11
3.2.2 键盘电路设计 15
 3.3 步进电机的驱动电路 16
第四章 系统软件设计 18
 4.1 步进电机的主程序设计 18
 4.2 正反转程序设 20
 4.3 步进电机的升频方法 23
 4.4 升降频的实现方法 25
 4.5 中断程序 27
 4.6 转速控制程序设计 28
第五章 结束语 33
致谢 34
参考文献 35

附录 源程序代码

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