论清代改土归流对黔东南苗族的影响

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论清代改土归流对黔东南苗族的影响

摘要
                      
 清代是黔东南苗族发展史上的重要时期，经历了改土归流，在社会形态上经历了由封建领主制向地主制的过渡和由封建时代向半殖民地半封建社会的过渡。清代“改土归流”对西南各民族产生了深远的影响。本文仅以“改土归流”对黔东南苗族的影响为例,从贵州苗族的发展进程，清代在这一地区进行改土归流的情况，以及改土归流对此地区苗族经济、政治、文化等方面的影响进行分析,认为改土归流对黔东南苗族影响是渐进的，全方位，多层次，深程度的。在改土归流过程中,黔东南苗族在与外界的接触、碰撞中，不断消化、吸收外来的气息,在保持原有民族传统特色的同时，社会各方面都发生了深刻的变革。苗疆“改土归流”是一次进步的政治大变革，强化了清王朝对该地区的统治，改变了当地封闭、落后的状况，促进了社会生产发展，巩固了国家边防，有利于推进统一的、多民族国家的发展。因此，认真研究苗疆“改土归流”的历史原貌，对于尊重地方少数民族的生活习俗，文化环境，同时积极开展西部大开发，推动社会主义和谐社会的建设，仍有着重要的历史借鉴意义。

关键词：改土归流　苗族　影响

On the Impact of “Gai Tu Gui Liu”on Miao people’s territory in the southeast of Gui zhou province in Qing Dynasty

Abstract：Miao Qing Dynasty is an important period in the history which experience Gai Tu Giu Liu ,in the form of society, by the feudal lords to the system of the host system.The “Gai To Gui Liu”of Miao people’s territory in thesouth-east of Guizhou province,has been a heating issue in theacademic circle,and people hold different views,which can be summed up in the following:firstly,whether developingMiao people’s territory is concluded in the system secondly,what’s the historical reasons of developingMiao people’s territory; thirdly,in what methods used indeveloping Miao people’s territory.According to some relativeliteratures,the“Tu”of the system of“Gai Tu Gui Liu”,mainly,refers to any local administration policies against the government administration policies,of course,including the systemof“Tu Si”.But abasement of“Tu Si”can not cover all the contentsof the reforming of the system of“Tu”,whereas Qing government wanted to bring“Sheng Jie”within which thehe Qing Dynasty to take any furrmeasures that flow under Soil Miao in the region of economic, political, cultural and other aspects, such as the impact analy-sis that the flow of regulation Soil Miao is a progressive, multi-directi-onal, multi-level, deep extent of the impact. Therefore, the study of Miao area to flow in appearance, respect for the lives of the local ethnic customs, and culture and carry out large-scale western development, and promote the building of a harmonious socialist society, have an important historical reference.

Key words: “Gai Tu Gui Liu”  Miao  impact

目录

引言…………………………………………………………………………………1
文献综述……………………………………………………………………………1
研究方法……………………………………………………………………………2
讨论与分析…………………………………………………………………………3
一、黔东南苗族的发展历程………………………………………………………3
二、清代在黔东南苗族地区推行改土归流的背景及过程………………………4
1．清代在黔东南苗族地区推行改土归流的背景………………………………4
2．清代在黔东南苗族地区推行改土归流的过程………………………………5
三、清代改土归流对黔东南苗族的影响…………………………………………6
1．推动了黔东南苗族地区经济的发展……………………………………………7
2．促进了黔东南苗族地区交通建设的发展，推动了与外界的联系……………9
3．在政治上，强化了清政府对黔东南苗族地区的统治…………………………10
4．在文化教育方面，推行文化渗透政策…………………………………………10
结论…………………………………………………………………………………11
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………12

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