浅析锅炉燃烧调整的影响因素

文档编号:RN030  文档字数:14724,页数:29

文档题目：浅析锅炉燃烧调整的影响因素
摘　要
 锅炉燃烧工况的好坏无论是对锅炉机组或是整个发电厂运行的安全性和经济性都有着极大的影响。在安全方面，燃烧过程是否稳定直接关系到锅炉运行的可靠性；在经济方面，锅炉燃烧的好坏直接影响锅炉运行的经济性，燃烧过程的经济性要求合理的风与煤粉的配合。此外，还要求保证适当的炉膛温度。
 本文档从锅炉燃料量的调节、锅炉风量的调节、喷燃器出口风速及风率的调节、炉膛负压的控制等方面对锅炉燃烧调整的影响做简要分析。燃料量的调节是燃烧调节的重要一环。不同的燃烧设备和不同的燃料种类，燃料量的调节方法也各不相同。当外界负荷变化需要调节锅炉出力时，随着燃料量的改变，对锅炉的风量也需做相应的调节，风量过大或过小都会给锅炉的安全经济运行带来不良的影响。保持适当的喷燃器出口一、二、三次风的出口速度和风率是建立正常的炉内空气动力场和稳定燃烧的必要条件。炉膛负压维持过大，会增加炉膛和烟道的漏风，引起燃烧恶化，并导致灭火。反之，若炉膛风压变正，则高温火焰及烟灰就要向外冒，不但会影响卫生，烧坏设备，还会造成人身事故。锅炉运行中必须监视好炉膛负压，并按照不同的变化情况做出正确的判断，据此再及时地进行必要的调节和处理。
 本文档重点以华能辛店电厂2×300MW燃煤机组的燃烧调整为研究对象，特别是该厂因煤炭市场原因，无法使用设计煤种（晋东南贫煤），而大部分时间使用无烟煤和烟煤，甚至褐煤。以无烟煤和烟煤燃烧对调整的影响，做为本文档的重点研究对象。
 
 
 
 关 键 词：锅炉燃烧调整；燃料量；风量；煤种
 
 
 文档类型：应用基础
 
 
Title: Analysis of the influencing factor in boiler combustion adjustment
ABSTRACT
 The condition of boiler combustion carries great significance in the boiler unit and the security and the economy of the whole power plant operation.In safety aspect,the stability of the burning process has direct relationship with the reliability of the boiler operation;in economic aspect,the condition of the boiler combustion has direct relationship with the economics of the boiler operation.
 The economic requirements entails appropriate fit between wind and pulverized coal in the burning process.Besides,appropriate furnace box temperature must be provided.In this paper,the effects of boiler fuel adjustment,the boiler wind amount adjustment,the burner outlet wind velocity and wind rate adjustment and the boiler furnace negative pressure control on the influence of the boiler combustion adjustment is analysed.The boiler fuel adjustment and the combustion adjustment is vital.Different combustion equipment and different kinds of fuel corresponding to different fuel adjustment methods.The adjustment of wind amount is needed when boiler load is required due to external load changes with the changes of the fuel amount.Too big or too small air amount will give the safe and economic concerns on the operation of boilers.Keep appropriate burner outlet first,second,third wind velocity and wind rate is essential to establish the normal air field and stable combustion in the furnace.Large negative pressure in the furnace can lead to air leak in the furnace and flue,eventually，the burns deterioration and fire extinction will be introduced.On the contrary,if the furnace wind pressure changes,the high temperature fire and ash will go out of the furnace,thus,affecting the sanitation and can damage equipment and pose threat to people.The furnace negative pressure must be monitored in the boiler operation and right judgment is required according to different conditions and in-time regulating and dispose is needed.
 This paper is focus on the combustion adjustment of the 2×300MW coal-fired units in Huaneng Xindian thermal power plant,especially utilize the anthracite and bituminous coal,even the brown coal without the design coal(Southeast Shanxi lean coal) due to coal market reasons.The effects of anthracite and bituminous coal burning on the adjustment is emphasized in this paper.
 
 Key words:Boiler combustion adjustment;fuel amount; wind amount;coal types
 Paper type: fundamental application

目  录
摘　要 V
ABSTRACT VI
目  录 1
1 绪论 5
1.1 背景知识介绍 5
 1.2 本文研究的意义 7
2 华能辛店电厂概况及现状 9
2.1 电厂概况 9
2.2 华能辛店电厂300MW燃煤机组概况 9
2.2.1燃烧设备 10
3 燃烧调整 13
3.1 燃料量的调节 13
3.1.1对直吹式制粉系统的锅炉 13
3.2 风量的调节 13
3.2.1锅炉风量对锅炉运行的影响 13
3.2.2锅炉风量调整方式 14
3.2.3喷燃器出口风速及风率的调节 14
3.3 炉膛负压的控制和引风的调节 15
3.3.1炉膛负压对燃烧的影响 15
3.3.2引风的调节 15
4 煤质对锅炉运行的影响 17
4.1 煤的特性对锅炉性能的影响 17
4.1.1挥发份的影响 17
4.1.2灰分的影响 18
4.1.3水分的影响 18
4.1.4发热量的影响 19
5 烟煤和无烟煤在辛店电厂的实际应用 21
5.1 磨煤机运行方式及控制参数 21
5.2 设计煤种调整措施 22
5.3 烟煤在辛店电厂的实际应用 22
烟煤基本指标（见表5-1） 22
5.4 无烟煤在辛店电厂的实际应用 24
6 结论与展望 25
致    谢 26
参考文献 27
附    录 28

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