声波除灰技术在电站锅炉中的应用

文档编号:RN038  文档字数:20080,页数:39

摘　要
 在各种锅炉设备中（包括电站锅炉和工业锅炉、燃煤锅炉和燃油锅炉)其炉膛和烟道内的各换热器表面上，几乎毫不例外地出现积灰和结渣现象,灰、渣的积结降低了锅炉的热效率,严重时还会影响到锅炉等设备的安全运行,被迫停炉进行人工清焦除渣,从而降低了锅炉的利用率和使用寿命,增强了工人的劳动强度甚至发生人员伤亡事故。面对这一长期普遍存在于各种锅炉中的老大难问题，国内外相继研制开发了长伸缩式高压蒸汽吹灰器、旋转式蒸汽吹灰器、高压水力除灰器、钢珠（振动)除灰器等各种除灰设备,但是这些设备还存在一些功能上的限制和缺陷,实际上使用效率很低,多数闲置不用。少数即便能用者,也只能用于换热器的局部表面,整体效益难以体现。
 我国的声波吹灰研究始于20世纪80年代，进入10年代，声波吹灰技术的研究十分活跃，在这期间已有不少科研机构相继推出了各种声波吹灰器。应用于电厂后，在不同程度上取得了一定的效益。
 声波吹灰作为一种新兴的吹灰技术，正蓬勃地发展起来。但由于此技术还处于研究开发阶段，使声波吹灰技术的应用带有很大盲目性。从声波吹灰的机理出发，探讨声波吹灰的优缺点，分析声波吹灰技术及其应用现状，并且指出其发展趋势。
 
 关 键 词：声波；除灰；电厂；发展
 
 文档类型：应用基础
 
 
Title: Sound waves in the power plant ash technology application
ABSTRACT
In all kinds of boiler equipment (including boiler and industrial boiler, coal-fired boilers and oil burning boiler flue chamber and the various surface of heat exchanger, almost without exception, appear with ash slagging, ash and slag phenomenon of "reduces the boiler efficiency, serious when still can affect the safe operation of the boiler equipment, was forced to stop furnace slag removal of artificial qing coke, thereby reducing the boiler efficiency and service life, enhance the worker's Labour intensity even casualty accident happen. Facing this long exists some problems of the boiler, and successively developed long telescopic high-pressure steam sootblowers, rotary steam sootblowers, high-pressure hydraulic ash, steel (vibration) ash, etc all kinds of dust removal equipment, but there are still some of these devices on the function of the restrictions and defects, actually use efficiency is low, the most leave unused. A few even, also can use for local surface of heat exchanger, overall benefit to reflect.
 China began to research the acoustic blowing in the 1980s, enter the 10, acoustic blowing technology research is very active, during which has many research institutes have introduced various acoustic sootblowers. Application in power plant, in different extent achieved certain benefits.
 Acoustic blowing, as a new technology, blowing vigorously developed. But because of this technology is also being studied, acoustic blowing technology application with great blindness. Acoustic blowing from the mechanism, this paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the blowing sound waves, analyzes the technology and application situation, and points out its development trend.

KEY WORDS: acoustic; ash; plant; development

TYPE OF THESIS: Applications
目  录
1 绪论 2
2 声波的概念 3
2.1 声波的介绍 3
2.2次声波的介绍 3
3 声波除灰技术的介绍 5
3.1 声波除灰技术发展的背景 5
3.2 声波除灰技术的原理 6
3.3 声波除灰技术发展的特点 6
4 传统除灰方式与声波除灰方式的比较 9
4.1 传统除灰方式介绍 9
4.2 传统除灰方式存在的问题 11
4.3 传统除灰方与声波除灰方式的比较 13
5 声波除灰技术在电厂中的应用 17
5.1 在燃煤锅炉上的应用 17
5.2 在静电除尘器上的应用 19
5.3 在袋式除尘器上的应用 21
5.4 在负压反吹袋式除尘器上的应用 23
5.5 在燃电袋复合除尘器上的应用 24
6 声波除灰技术的发展 27
6.1声波除灰的优势与不足 27
6.2声波除灰技术的应用探讨 29
6.3声波除灰技术的发展趋势 30
致    谢 33
参考文献 35

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