1000MW级锅炉设计与运行特性研究

文档编号:RN051  文档字数:24760,页数:41

文档题目：1000MW级锅炉设计与运行特性研究
 
摘    要
 自改革开放以来,随着国民经济的快速发展,我国电力工业也取得了高速增长,我国发电装机总容量和发电量均跃居世界第二位,然而电力供应仍较紧张。在年发电量中，火电占81.54%，是我国主要的发电方式，并且我国是以煤作为发电主要燃料。我国燃煤电站存在的突出问题是：机组效率低，供电煤耗高。目前，发展先进的燃煤发电技术应考虑的问题是：效率、环保性能、可靠性、机动性、投资和废弃物的利用等。
 通过几十年的发展,超超临界机组技术成熟可靠,具有热效率高、运行成本低和污染小等优点,且超超临界机组在可用率、变负荷运行等方面可以与亚临界机组相媲美,且大容量超超临界机组比超临界机组热效率更高,超超临界技术己在美国、日本和欧洲得到迅速发展, 超超临界机组也已批量投运, 取得了良好的运行业绩, 具有良好的可靠性、经济性。因此,加速发展超临界和超超临界火电机组,以提高机组效率,降低供电煤耗具有十分重要的意义。
 基于以上情况,本文首先分析了1000WM级锅炉的基本结构和工作原理,同时将其与汽包锅炉进行比较,例如锅炉的布置结构与燃烧方式、锅炉本体结构、各受热面、锅炉水冷壁管圈形式等,其次参考了1000WM级锅炉在试运行过程中存在的问题及处理方法,对1000WM锅炉的运行特性有个更加直观、深刻的认识。
 
关键词：超超临界；锅炉设计；运行特性
文档类型：理论研究
 

Thesis: 1000MW level of boiler design and operating characteristics
 
 Abstract
 Since the reform opened, along with the rapid development of national economy, the our country electric power industry also obtained a high-speed growth, The our country generates electricity to pack total capacity of machine and generates electricity quantity to all jump to occupy the second in the world, however the electricity supply is still more nervous. Generate electricity quantity in the year in, the fire electricity has 81.54%, is an our country to mainly generate electricity a way, and our country use coal as to generate electricity main fuel.Our country buring coal electricity stand existent of outstanding problem BE:The machine set efficiency is low, the power supply coal consumes Gao.Currently, the development forerunner's buring coal generate electricity the problem that the technique should consider BE:Efficiency, environmental protection function, credibility, flexibility, invest and the exploitation of the wastes etc..
 Pass for several decades of development, super critical machine set credibility with mature technique, having a hot efficiency is high, circulate the cost is low and pollute a small etc. advantage, and the super critical machine set can mutually match in excellence with second critical machine set at canning use a rate and change to carry aspects like movement,etc, and big capacity the super critical machine set compare super critical the machine set hot efficiency is higher, super critical technique the F get a quick development in the United States, Japan and Europe, Super critical machine set also already the batch quantity throw a luck, obtain a good movement accomplishment and have good credibility, economy. Therefore, the acceleration develops super critical and super critical fire electrical engineering set, With raise a machine set efficiency, lower power supply coal to consume to have very important meaning.
   According to the above circumstance, this text analyzed the basic structure and work principle of 1000 WM class boiler first, wrap boiler with vapor it to carry on a comparison at the same time, For example the decoration structure and combustion method of boiler, Boiler essence structure, each noodles, boiler water that is subjected to heat cold wall tube turn form etc., secondly made reference to a 1000 WM class the boiler is in the process of trying to circulate in existent problem and treatment, have to the movement characteristic of 1000 WM boiler to keep view.
 
Key words: ultra-supercritical; boiler design; operating characteristicsPaper type: Theoretical Study
 
 
目录
1  绪    论………………………………………………………………………….1
1.1  课题背景及意义 1
1.2  目前国内外的研究现状 2
1.3  本课题要研究或解决的问题及采用的方法 4
2  1000MW级锅炉设计…………………………………………………………….5
2.1  锅炉设计 5
2.1.1  材料问题 5
2.1.2  蒸汽参数 6
2.1.3  锅炉水冷壁管圈型式 6
2.1.4  超超临界锅炉控制 7
2.1.5  超临界锅炉的布置结构与燃烧方式 8
2.1.6  超临界锅炉的煤种适应性和卫燃带布置 9
2.2  1000MW超超临界锅炉的技术特点 10
2.2.1　变压运行 10
2.2.2　热物性特点 11
2.2.3　锅炉的本体结构 12
2.2.4　水冷壁系统 13
2.2.5　高温材料 14
2.2.6　过、再热器 14
2.2.7　炉膛和燃烧系统 15
3  1000MW超超临界锅炉的运行特性…………………………………………...17
3.1  超超临界锅炉基础性研究课题 17
3.1.1　超超临界锅炉的传热与水动力特性 17
3.1.2 　超超临界锅炉的动态特性与热敏感性 17
3.1.3 　受压部件蠕变疲劳损伤的预测 18
3.2  西安交通大学研究进展 18
3.2.1 　螺旋管圈水冷壁传热研究 19
3.2.2 　螺旋管圈水冷壁水动力不稳定性研究 19
3.2.3 　垂直内螺纹管传热与节流圈优化计算程序 19
3.2.4　 汽水分离器瞬态传热研究 20
3.2.5 　锅炉水冷壁动态特性的研究 20
3.2.6 　启动特性计算程序 20
3.3  超超临界锅炉的启动特性 20
3.4  超超临界锅炉的启动旁路系统 23
3.5  1000MW超超临界锅炉在试运行中存在的问题及处理方法 28
3.5.1 　油枪冒黑烟 28
3.5.2 　煤粉中含有大颗粒 28
3.5.3 　一次风管积粉 29
3.5.4 　锅炉运行情况 29
3.6  热经济性比较 30
4   结  论………………………………………………………………………….33
致  谢 ……………………………………………………………………………...34
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………….35

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