约瑟夫森效应及其应用的探讨

文档编号:WLX031  字数:6572,页数:17

摘     要

在本世纪初（1908年），荷兰物理学家昂尼斯率先进入了人类未涉足过的低温超导世界。近一个世纪仅仅直接对超导现象的研究就有四项获得诺贝尔奖，其中分量最重的就是约瑟夫森效应的发现和应用。1962年约瑟夫森研究了两块超导体被一层薄绝体分开的（S-I-S）结，从理论上预言了约瑟夫森效应，当两端电压为零时，可以存在一股很小的超导电流，这是电子对隧道电流。临界电流密度依赖于磁场。这种现象称为直流约瑟夫森效应。当结两端的直流电压不等于0时，仍然存在行超导电子对的隧道电流，但这是一个交变的超导电流，这种现象称为交流约瑟大森效应。本文档简单阐述了约瑟夫森效应的发现过程，介绍约瑟夫森效应的内容，用初等方法导出了约瑟夫森公式，探讨直流约瑟夫森效应和交流约瑟夫森效应的原理、特点及应用。
    关键词： 超导结 直流约瑟夫森效应 交流约瑟夫森效应 相位

In the beginning of this century (1908), the Netherlands physicist Onnes first found superconductor. Four Nobel Prize related to lowtemperature superconductors. Nearly a century only directly to the phenomenon of superconductivity,the most important component of which is the Josephson effect of the discovery and application within. 1962. on the two superconductors must be a thin layer of separation of the S-I-S, theoretically predicted that the Josephson effect. when the voltage is zero at both ends, there can be a very smal current. This is the electronic currents of the tunnel. The critical current density depends on the magnetic field. This phenomenon known Josephson as the DC Josephson effect. When the ends of the DC voltage is equal, there are still lines of supercondisting electronics tunnel current, but this is a superconductor of alternating current,this phenomenon known as the exchange of large-sum effect of Josephson. This paper briefly described the Josephson effect and the discovery process,the Josephson effect on the content of the primary method use are AC Josephson formula of DC Josephson effect and the exchange of the Josephson effect principle, characteristics and applications.

Keywords：Superconducting, DC Josephson, AC Josephson, Phase

目  录

 中文摘要 1
 英文摘要 2
 目录 3
 第一章     绪论 4
1.1  研究约瑟夫森效应的目的 4
1.2  研究背景 4
1.3   文档內容概述 4
 第二章     约瑟夫森效应的发现  5
 第三章     约瑟夫森效应的一种初等阐述 7
3.1  约瑟夫森公式 7
3.2  直流约瑟夫森效应 8
3.3  交流约瑟夫森效应 10
 第四章     约瑟夫森效应的应用 13
 第五章     总结 15
 致谢 16
参考文献 1

相关论文