约瑟夫森效应及其应用

文档编号:WLX061  字数:8220,页数:19

摘    要
 本文阐述了约瑟夫森效应的发现过程，介绍了约瑟夫森效应的内容，着重介绍了约瑟夫森公式的推导过程，分别讨论了直流约瑟夫森效应和交流约瑟夫森效应的具体情况：即前者为当外加电压等于零时，超导电子对能穿过绝缘层形成超导隧道电流而没有产生电位差的现象；后者为超导结在直流电压作用下产生交变电流，从而辐射电磁波的特性。接着通过公式和参数来探讨各自的原理和特点，最后再介绍了约瑟夫森效应的应用，着重对超导量子干涉器进行了分析，由于约瑟夫森器件具有一些独特的优点，比如固有噪声低、灵敏度高、开关速度快等，使其在实际应用方面已经取得了很多重要的进展，并且具有很大的发展潜力，随着超导技术的进一步发展，约瑟夫森效应的应用将更加广泛。
关键词： 直流约瑟夫森效应  交流约瑟夫森效应  超导量子干涉  超导物理 

Abstract
 This thesis reports the discovery of Josephson effect, and describes the content of   Josephson effect, especially introduces the deduction of the Josephson formula. We discusses the specific circumstances of DC Josephson effect and AC Josephson effect .The former applied zero voltage. Superconducting electron pairs can tunnel through the insulating layer and form superconducting current without the phenomenon of potential difference; The latter is when the superconductor junctions under the action of the DC voltage, it will come of the characteristics of alternating current and radiating electromagnetic. Then, we discusses their own principles and characteristics by the formula and the parameters, focuses on the analysis of the superconducting quantum interferometer and finally describes the application of the Josephson effect. With so many advantages such as the less inherent noise, sensitivity and high switching speed, etc., Josephson instruments have made many important advances possible in practice, and have great potential. With the further development of superconducting technology, the application of Josephson effect will be more extensive.
Keywords: DC Josephson effect; AC Josephson effect; Superconducting quantum interference; Superconductivity

目  录
摘    要 i
Abstract ii
第一章     绪论 1
 1.1  约瑟夫森效应的研究动机与目的 1
 1.2  约瑟夫森效应的研究背景 1
 1.3  研究方法与系统描述 1
 1.4  文档内容概述 2
第二章     约瑟夫森效应的发现 3
 2.1  约瑟夫森效应的由来 3
 2.2  隧道效应 4
第三章     约瑟夫森方程的简明推导 5
 3.1  约瑟夫森公式 5
 3.2  直流约瑟夫森效应 6
 3.3  交流约瑟夫森效应 8
第四章     约瑟夫森效应的应用 11
 4.1  超导量子干涉器 11
 4.1.1  超导量子干涉效应 11
 4.1.2  超导量子干涉器 11
 4.2  交流约瑟夫森效应测电压 12
 4.3  超导计算机 13
第五章     总结 14
致  谢 15
参考文献 16

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