由菲涅耳公式引出的若干问题

文档编号:WLX064  字数:9147,页数:17

摘要

人类对光的研究起源很早,但对光的本质认识经历了一个较漫长的过程,光究竟是波还是粒子,光的波动说和粒子学说之争从17世纪初开始,至20世纪初以光的波粒二象性告终. 菲涅耳公式最早是1812年由菲涅耳（Augustin-Jean Fresnel）导出的，是光学和电磁学的重要公式。菲涅耳认为光振动是一种连续介质-以态的机械弹性振动，他于1835年以杨氏干涉原理补充了惠更斯原理，由此产生了今天人们所熟知的惠更斯-菲涅耳原理，用这个原理既能圆满地解释光的直线传播，也能讨论衍射现象，成为波动光学中的重要原理。但是机械以太波的观点，物理本质上是存在问题的，后由Maxwell方程式严格导出菲涅耳公式。本文通过认真透彻地分析菲涅耳公式，从理论上拓展和分析菲涅耳公式的应用。研究反射光矢量和折射光矢量的变化规律，讨论额外程差，位相相移，偏振面旋转等典型的光学现象。通过对本课题的研究，拓展对菲涅耳公式的理论分析，澄清相关部分文献对此问题的不正确描述，加强本公式在现代光电描述中的基础性应用。
关键词：菲涅耳公式；反射光矢量；折射光矢量；额外程差；位相相移；偏振面旋转

Abstract

Human origins the study of light early, but the understanding of the nature of light has gone through a more lengthy process, the light is actually the wave or the granule, the struggle of the light wave theory and the micellar theory started from the early 17th century,and comes to an end by the light wave-particle duality to the early 20th century. Fresnel formula was first exported by AJ Fresnel in 1812,and it is a important formula in optics and the electromagnetics. Fresnel thought that the light vibration is one continuous medium- by condition mechanical elastic vibration, he supplemented the huygens' principle by the Young interference principle in 1835, from this has had the Huygens - Fresnel principle which is familiar by people, with this principle can either completely explain the light straight line dissemination,or can discuss the diffraction phenomenon,and it becomes a important principle in the wave optics. However, Ethernet-mechanical point of view, the physical nature existence question, latter derives the Fresnel formula strictly by the Maxwell equation. This article through analyzes the Fresnel formula thoroughly earnestly, theoretically development and analysis of the application of Fresnel formula. Research reflected light refraction and vector-vector changes in the law, discuss the extra path difference, the phase phase-shift, model and so on plane of polarization revolving optical phenomena. Through the study of this topic, expanding the Fresnel formula theoretical analysis , clarifying the relevant parts of the literature on this issue is not the correct description,  strengthening the formula in the modern description of the basis for optoelectronic applications.
Key words: Fresnel formula; Reflected light vector; Refracted light vector; Extra-poor; Phase phase shift; Polarization of rotation

目录
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………….i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………...ii
目录…………………………………………………………………………………………………….iii
1 导言 1
2 菲涅耳公式的导出及成立的条件…………………………………..………………………………...1
3 菲涅耳对惠更斯原理的改进及应用………………………………………………………………….3
4 关于薄膜干涉光程差引出的问题…………………………………………………………………….4
5 菲涅耳公式在全反射现象分析中的应用…………………………………………………………….5
6 界面处反射电磁波与入射电磁波的相位关系…………………………………………………….....6
 6.1 不发生全反射时反射波与入射波的相位关系……………………………………………………7
 6.2 全反射时反射波与入射波的相移关系……………………………………………………………9
7 菲涅耳公式应用的研究和探讨……………………………………………………………………...10
 7.1 关于对半波损失的解释…………………………………………………………………………..10
 7.2 关于对布儒斯特定律的解释……………………………………………………………………..11
8  结语………………………………………………………………………………………………….12
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………………...13
参考文献....……………………………………………………………………………………………...14

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