思想的解放 理性的光芒

文档编号:YY131  字数:5867,页数:21

Abstract

        The enlightenment was intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or state. This paper states the freedom, equality and rationality which are advocated in the Enlightenment. There were many philosophers in the 18th century, especially Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Diderot. The author states their ideas in the second part of this paper. The last part of this paper is to stress the influence of the movement upon the culture and ideas for human, and it also emphasizes the influence of the movement upon the independence of American, the revolution of France and Asia.

Key Words

Enlightenment; reason; equal; freedom

摘  　要

      启蒙运动是18世纪中叶一场起源于法国的思想运动。启蒙运动思想当时在欧洲和北美广泛传播。它反对宗教狂热，迷信，反对封建主义专制主义的特权和黑暗统治。本文档就启蒙运动宣扬的自由，平等和理性进行了陈述。在此运动中最为著名和杰出思想家有伏尔泰，孟德斯鸠，卢梭和狄德罗，本文档试图在文章的第二部分就他们的思想进行论述。作者在文章最后部分进一步分析了此运动对人们在文化和思想上的影响以及此运动对北美独立战争，法国大革命和亚洲所产生的影响。

关键词

启蒙; 理性; 平等; 自由

Contents

Abstract ....................................................................I
Key Words ...................................................................I
摘  要 ......................................................................II
关键词...................................................................... II
Introduction ................................................................1
I Background  ...............................................................2
A. Historical Background for France in 18th Century .........................2
B. The Enlightenment in the 18th Century.....................................3
II The Most Important Figures of the Enlightenment and Their Influence ......4
III The Influence of the Enlightenment...................................... 6
A. Influence upon the France in 18th Century and Upon the Future for France .6
1. From Culture............................................................. 6
2. From Idea................................................................ 7
B. Influence upon the other European Countries even the Whole World..........10
1. American..................................................................10
2. British ..................................................................11
3. Asia ---Japan and China ..................................................12
Conclusion ..................................................................14
Acknowledgements ............................................................15
Bibliography ................................................................16

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