单片机水箱恒温控制系统设计

文档编号:ZD836    文档字数:7794,页数:27

摘  要
 单片机是现代计算机和电子技术的新兴领域。单片机的单芯片的微小体积和极低的成本，可广泛地嵌入到如玩具、家用电器、机器人、仪器仪表、汽车电子系统、工业控制单元、办公自动化设备、金融电子系统、舰船、个人信息终端及通信产品中，成为现代电子系统中最重要的智能化工具。单片机具有多功能、高性能、低电压、低功耗、低价格的显著特点。所以利用单片机对水箱进行恒温控制可以极大的减少投入，具有很高的经济价值与实用性。利用单片机实现水箱内温度的实时检测控制和数字显示，对于提高劳动生产率和产品质量，节约能源等都有着积极意义。目前市场上已有一些单片机恒温控制系统研发成功，如单片机恒温水加热器，单片机电阻炉温度控制。本系统先由温度传感器DS1820对温度进行采样和转换，将测量结果Tx送给单片机；单片机将输入的温度值与内部指定单元的给定温度值T进行比较，根据比较结果，通过一个执行机构——可控硅对加热器的开断状态进行控制，以此达到水箱恒温控制的效果。系统可广泛应用与各种加热源作为恒温控制的场合，如电阻炉、电热水壶、灯泡等，据有简单可靠、经济实用的特点。

关键词：单片机、温度传感器、过零触发、双向可控硅、加热器

 
 AbstractSCM is the modern computer and electronic technology in emerging areas. The single-chip microcontroller small size and low cost, can be embedded in wider such as toys, household appliances, robotics, instrumentation, automotive, industrial control units, office automation equipment, electronic financial systems, ships , Personal information terminals and communications products. It will become the most important intelligent tool for a modern electronic system. SCM is multi-functional, high-performance, low-voltage, low power consumption, low price of the notable features. Therefore, the use of water tanks for SCM constant temperature control can greatly reduce the input of high economic value and practicality. Moreover, use of the water tank temperature control and real-time detection figures show in the MCU, can improve labor productivity and product quality, energy conservation and so has a positive meaning. On the market today it have some SCM constant temperature control system successfully developed, such as water heater thermostat SCM, SCM resistance furnace temperature control.
The system which is first temperature sensor on the DS1820 temperature sampling and conversion, will be given to the measurement results Tx SCM; SCM will enter the value and the internal temperature specified unit of a given temperature T comparison, that is according to the results by an executive body - SCR on the heater breaking state control in order to achieve the effect of water temperature control. System can be wide range of heating as a source of constant temperature control of the occasion, such as resistance heaters, electric kettles, light bulbs, that is simple and reliable, economical and practical features.

Keywords: SCM, temperature sensors, with zero trigger, two-way SCR, heater

目 录
摘要. . .I
1 前言1
2 恒温控制系统原理.2
 2.1  系统原理图.2
 2.2  已有恒温水箱产品性能分析.2
     2.2.1  HW-1A型恒温水箱.3
     2.2.2  HH-W420数显三用恒温水箱3
3 硬件设计4
 3.1  电路图设计4
 3.1.1  自激振荡器.5
 3.1.2  复位电路.5
 3.1.3  显示电路.5
 3.2  主要芯片选型6
 3.2.1  AT89C51单片机.6
 3.2.2  74LS374锁存器9
 3.3  输入通道的设计.11
 3.4  输出通道的设计.12
4 软件设计14
 4.1  主程序流程图14
 4.2  程序设计15
5 系统功能24
 5.1  主要功能24
 5.2  键盘说明24
6 总结25
致谢26

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