基于PIC单片机实现直流电动机的控制

文档编号:ZD844    文档字数:11983,页数:26

 摘要
 
   随着我国工农业的快速发展，人民生活水平不断提高，结合社会的可持续发展，对自动化设备的需求不断增大，直流电动机控制是自动控制的关键部分。本设计是基于PIC单片机实现直流电动机的控制，控制电动机的正向/反向、快速/慢速运转，由单片机输出脉宽调制信号（PWM）驱动电动机并实现正反向的互锁。本设计介绍了直流电机结构、特点、种类及厉磁方式等；PIC 单片机的优点、结构特点、指令特点等。系统的介绍了PIC16F73单片机芯片，详述了PIC126F73单片机的内部结构，外部引脚，模块功能，寄存器结构、功能、地址等，此外还初步介绍了其汇编指令。
 硬件电路的设计，特别要注意的是高低压隔离和电机转向互锁。在此采用光藕隔离，为确保运转安全，采用了双重互锁。
关键词：直流电动机；PIC单片机；PWM 
 
 Abstract  
 
 Along with our country’s industry and agricultural fast development, and people living raises continuously, furthermore, keep on the society development incessancy, the need of automation equipments enlarges continuously, the direct current motor control is the key part of the automatic control. This design according to the PIC single chip to control direct current motor, and control motor ‘s revolve to right/left and fast/ slowly, output the signal of PWM to drive the motor from the PIC which also realize the left revolve and right revolve to lock with each other. This design introduced direct current electrical motor structure, characteristics, category and the magnetism create mode etcs;  The advantage, structure characteristics, instruction characteristics etc. of the PIC single chip .The system introduced PIC16F73 single chip, going into detail internal structure ,exterior leads, function modules, registers structure, function, address...etc. of PIC126F73 single chip, in addition view introduce assemble langue.
    The design of the hardware electric circuit, the especially important is a high low voltage to insulate and lock with each other of the electrical engineering’s direction. Adopt photo-transistor optically coupled to gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode device to insulation in here, for insure the operation safety, adopt dual lock with each other.
Keywords: DC engineering ；PIC single chip ；PWM          

 
 目录
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………….I
1  绪论 1
1.1  无刷直流电机的特点 1
1.2  无刷直流电机的应用与发展动向 2
1.3  无刷直流电机控制器概述 3
2  无刷直流电机的控制系统分析 4
2.1  无刷直流电机的基本结构 4
2.1.1电动机本体 5
2.1.2转子位置传感器 5
2.1.3逆变器 6
2.2  无刷直流电机的调速原理 6
2.3  霍尔传感器 8
2.3.1开关型霍尔集成传感器 8
2.3.2霍尔器件在无刷直流电机中的应用 9
3  无刷直流电机控制器硬件设计 9
3. 1  单片机选择 10
3.1.1单片机选择依据 10
3.1.2 PIC单片机特点 10
3.2  硬件系统组成 12
3.3  PIC16F73单片机引脚功能 12
3.4  PIC16F73对直流电动机的控制 14
3.4.1 PIC16F73对直流电动机转速的控制（PWM） 15
3.4.2 直流电动机的转速反馈 16
3.5  高低压隔离 16
3.6  直流电动机转向互锁 18
3.7  高低压转换芯片IR2103 19
4  系统软件设计 21
4.1  概述 21
4.2  软件系统注意问题 22
4.2.1 键盘防抖动 22
4.2.2 转速反馈 22
5  总结 23
致 谢 24
参考文献 25

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