步进电机控制器（GTR)的研制

文档编号:ZD921    文档字数:12486,页数:32

摘  要
 步进电机是机电一体化产品关键组件之一，是一种性能良好的数字化执行元件。本文介绍了步进电机工作原理以及各项指标参数，分析了单片机控制步进电机的方法。系统采用单片机与步进电机并行通讯控制方案，以单片机AT89C51作为步进电机的控制器，实现步进电机的运行控制、复位等各项操作。步进电机的各项操作由键盘实现。
    硬件结构由键盘接口电路、电机驱动电路、石英多谐振荡电路构成。电机工作时，由12MHz的石英多谐振荡电路产生振荡脉冲，经光耦隔离器控制GTR的接通与关断，从而控制步进电机的工作
    软件采用模块化设计，通过调用一系列子程序，如中断、键盘扫描等实现步进电机三相单四拍、双四拍和单、双八拍的运行。给出了硬件原理图、编程流程图及部分软件程序。

关键字：步进电机；AT89C51；硬件接口电路；软件模块

Abstract
Steping motor was the key part of mechatronic technology production,it was a well used digitial Implementation components .this paper introduced the principle and Indicators data of Steping motor ,analysised the method of the Steping motor control based on Microcontroller 
The system using the parallel communication control method between Microcontroller and Steping motor, as the Steping motor ’s controler ,the AT89C51 serial Microcontroer fulfill the motion control ,rsetion and such operation, the Steping motor’s operation signal was from the keyboard input signal.
The system Hardware structure was composed by the keyboard interface circuit, the electrical drive circuit, quartz multi-harmonic oscillation circuit. When the motor works, 12MHz quartz oscillator circuit multi-harmonic oscillation pulses generated by the opto isolators GTR control and turn-off of access to control stepper motors work .
Modular design of software through a series of subroutine calls, such as interruption, such as keyboard scanning stepper motor to achieve three-phase four-shot single, double and four single-shot, double shot of running eight. Gives the schematic diagram of hardware, programming flowc  hart and some software programs.
 

Keywords：Steping motor；AT89C51；Hardware interface electric circuit；Software modular

目  录
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
1 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………………………1
 1.1 课题背景………………………………………………………………………………………1
 1.2主要研究工作…………………………………………………………………………………1
 1.3 本文安排………………………………………………………………………………………1
2步进电机基础知识…………………………………………………………………………………2
 2.1 步进电机工作原理及基本参数………………………………………………………………2
 2.1.1 步进电机工作原理……………………………………………………………………2
 2.1.2 步进电机各指标和参数………………………………………………………………5
 2.2 步进电机驱动方式……………………………………………………………………………6
 2.3 步进电机控制系统构成………………………………………………………………………7
3 单片机………………………………………………………………………………………………8
 3.1 单片机的结构…………………………………………………………………………………8
 3.2 单片机控制步进电机方法……………………………………………………………………9
 3.2.1 串行方式………………………………………………………………………………9
 3.2.2 并行方式………………………………………………………………………………9
4 系统硬件设计……………………………………………………………………………………11
 4.1 系统硬件结构………………………………………………………………………………11
 4.2 机型及器件选择……………………………………………………………………………11
 4.3 GTR……………………………………………………………………………………………12
 4.3.1 驱动问题…………………………………………………………………………… 13
 4.3.2 隔离问题…………………………………………………………………………… 13
 4.4 键盘接口设计………………………………………………………………………………14
   4.5石英多谐振荡器电路设计……………………………………………………………………15
 4.6系统硬件合成及原理图………………………………………………………………………16
5 软件设计…………………………………………………………………………………………18
 5.1 步进电动机的主流程图……………………………………………………………………18
 5.2 定时中断流程图…………………………………………………………………………19
 5.3键盘部分设计………………………………………………………………………………19
6 总结………………………………………………………………………………………………21
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………………22
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………………23
附录1 程序代码  …………………………………………………………………………………24
附录2 硬件电路原理图……………………………………………………………………………28

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