基于单片机的温度检测系统设计

文档编号:ZD1124    文档字数:18196,页数:61

摘   要
 单片机也被称为微控制器，是因为它最早被用在工业控制领域。单片机由芯片内仅有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。最早的设计理念是通过将大量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片中，使计算机系统更小，更容易嵌进复杂的而对体积要求严格的控制设备当中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照这种思想设计出的处理器，从此以后，单片机和专用处理器的发展便分道扬镳。单片机是靠程序运行的，并且可以修改。通过不同的程序实现不同的功能，尤其是特殊的独特的一些功能，这是别的器件需要费很大力气才能做到的，有些则是花大力气也很难做到的。单片机这种计算机最小系统只用了一片集成电路，即可进行简单运算和控制。它体积小，但在整个装置中起着决定性的作用，它已经被利用到了生活的各个部分。
 本设计通过ATmega16单片机来呈现一个温度采集显示系统，采用C语言进行编程，可以实现以下一些功能：实时温度显示，设定上下限报警。本次设计的温度采集显示系统由温度采集电路，LCD显示电路，报警电路，按键调整电路四部分组成。AVR单片机通过软件编程，利用温度传感器DS18B20来实现温度采集转换的功能；通过四个按键，实现参数设置和调节功能；在LCD1602液晶屏上实现实时温度显示；当实时温度超过上下限的时候，由蜂鸣器发声，报警。本次设计的温度采集显示系统，所采用的温度传感器精度为0.5℃，所以适用于很多场合。
 本文详细介绍了ATmega16单片机的基本原理，分析了ATmega16各个管脚的功能及它在设计电路中的作用。同时论述了LCD1602液晶屏和温度传感器DS18B20的工作原理及其软件设计过程。
 最后，本研究还使用PROTEUS软件对本系统进行了仿真调试，以测试系统的可行性。
关键词：单片机 温度显示 报警 DS18B20  Proteus

Abstract
 SCM, known as micro-controller, was first to be used in the industrial control area and developed from a dedicated processor with only a CUP inside the chip. At the beginning, it was designed to make the computer system smaller and easier to match those complex control devices, which has more strict volume standards, by integrating enormous peripherals and CPUs into a single chip. INTEL's Z80 was the first processor designed in accordance with this idea, after when SCM and dedicated processors parted their ways of development. SCM is run by software program and can be modified. Through different software program, it could provide different functions, which is hard for other devices. SCM, as the smallest computer system, can do simple calculation and control operation using only one IC (Integrated Circuit). Small as it is, SCM plays a decisive role in the whole device, and now it has been used in all aspects of our life.
 This research uses ATmega16-SCM to present a temperature acquisition and display system. It is C language programmed and can achieve the following functions: real-time temperature displays, set limits of temperature alarm and so on. This design consists of four components as below: temperature acquisition circuits, LCD display circuits, alarm circuits and button-control adjustment circuits. The AVR-SCM uses the temperature sensor DS18B20 to achieve the temperature acquisition function; uses four buttons to set the parameters and adjust itself; shows the real-time temperature on the LCD1602 screen; when the temperature meets the upper or lower limits, the buzzer and alert will ring. The temperature sensor for this design has a degree of accuracy of 0.0625℃, so it’ll apply to many circumstances.
 This research describes the basic principles of ATmega16-SCM and analyzes the function of every pin in detail. At the meantime, it gives a clear look on how LCD1602 screen and the temperature sensor DS18B20 work and the process of design.
 Finally, the researcher tested and debugged this simulated system with PROTEUS, so as to ensure its feasibility.

Keywords: SCM, Temperature, Alert, DS18B20, Proteus

目  录

第一章  绪论 5
1.1  引言 5
1.2 设计目的 6
1.3  功能介绍 6
1.4设备选择 7
1.4.1  单片机的选择 7
1.4.2  温度传感器的选择 7
1.4.3  显示器的选择 8
第二章  ATmega 16芯片 9
2.1 ATmega 16的主要特性 9
2.2 ATmega 16的引脚功能 12
    2.3 ATmega16 的存储器 13
2.3.1 可编程的Flash程序储存器 13
2.3.2 SRAM 数据储存器 13
2.3.3 数据存储器 14
第三章  温度传感器 15
    3.1  DS18B20简介 15
    3.2 DS18B20的内部结构 15
3.2.1 DS18B20的引脚 16
3.2.2 只读存储器 16
3.2.3 DS18B20温度传感器的存储器 17
    3.3 注意事项 18
第四章  硬件电路设计 19
    4.1  整体结构 19
    4.2  单片机ATmega16芯片 20
    4.3  温度采集模块 20
4.3.1 DS18B20的温度计算 21
4.3.2 DS18B20的工作过程 21
4.3.3 DS18B20的时序 22
4.3.4 多点温度采集的实现 23
    4.4 LCD显示模块 24
4.4.1 1602的引脚 24
4.4.2 字符显示 25
4.5 按键模块 27
4.6 报警模块 28
第五章  软件设计 29
5.1  温度采集系统的主程序流程图 29
5.2  各模块的程序流程图 31
5.2.1  温度采集模块流程图 31
5.2.2.  液晶显示模块流程图 33
5.2.3.  按键模块流程图 34
第六章  系统仿真与调试 37
6.1  PROTEUS软件简介 37
6.2 PROTEUS仿真 37
6.2.1  PROTEUS 启动 38
6.2.2  PROTEUS 调试 39
结  论 43
参考文献 44
致  谢 46
附录 47

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