步进电机通用控制器设计

步进电机通用控制器设计

文档编号:ZD1194 文档字数:15070,页数:39 附原理图

摘要

本文主要介绍了基于MSP430F149单片机实现的步进电机通用控制器。该控制器可同时控制多台步进电机按曲线方式运行，包括加减速及换向功能等。选用该型号单片机目的是应用其丰富的接口资源和强大的定时器功能。
在数字控制系统中步进电机可以直接接收微机送来的数字控制信号，而不需要进行数/模转换，所以给控制应用系统的设计带来很大方便。步进电机作为执行元件有两个显著特点：（1）就是快速启动能力，（2）就是精度高。
如果负荷过大或者由于干扰，步进电机就会失步。为了使控制精度更优，本设计采用光电式传感器对步进电机进行检测。传感器把步进电机的转速转换为脉冲信号给单片机，单片机就对传感器送来的脉冲信号判断步进电机的转速，然后调整电机转速在那个曲线段运行，同时检测转速是否超过警戒转速，如果超过就给报警器发出脉冲信号报警。

关键词：MSP430F149，单片机，步进电机, 通用控制器

The General Step-motor Controller Based On The MSP430F149

Abstract

This article mainly introduced realizes based on the MSP430F149 single chip step-motor general controller. This controller may at the same time control the multi- tablecloths to enter the electrical machinery according to the curve way movement, including adds and subtracts fast and the commutation function and so on. Selects this model single chip goal is applies its rich connection resources and the formidable timer function.
step-motor in the numerical control system to be possible to receive the numerical control signal directly which the microcomputer sends, but does not need to enter the number of lines/The mold transforms, therefore brings for the control application system design is very greatly convenient. step-motor to have two remarkable characteristics as the functional element: (1) is the fast start ability, (2) is the precision is high.
If shoulders oversized or because disturbs, step-motor to be able to fall out of step. In order to cause the control precision to be more superior, this design uses the photo electricity type sensor to step-motor to carry on the examination. The sensor step-motor rotational speed to transform for the pulse signal gives the single chip, the single chip on the pulse signal judgment which sends to the sensor the step-motor speed, then the adjustment electrical machinery rotational speed in that leg function movement, at the same time examines the rotational speed whether surpasses the security rotational speed, if surpasses on sends out the pulse signal to the alarm apparatus to report to the police.

Keywords: MSP430F149， single chip ，step-motor，general controller

第一章绪论 ………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 题目来源与设计任务………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 MSP430F149控制步进电机的原理………………………………………… 1
第二章总体方案确定………………………………………………………………3
2.1 微控制器的方案选择…………………………………………………………3
2.2 步进电机控制方案选择………………………………………………………3
第三章硬件部分的设计……………………………………………………………5
3.1 微控制器选择………………………………………………………………… 5
3.1.1 微控制器发展现状………………………………………………………… 5
3.1.2 MSP430系列单片机介绍……………………………………………………5
3.1.3 MSP430F149单片机………………………………………………………… 6
3.2 单片机外围电路的设计………………………………………………………13
3.21 复位电路设计………………………………………………………………13
3.2.2 时钟电路设计………………………………………………………………14
3.3 键盘与显示的接口电路设计…………………………………………………15
3.3.1 键盘接口电路设计…………………………………………………………15
3.3.2 显示接口电路设计…………………………………………………………17
3.4 步进电机的控制与驱动……………………………………………………… 21
3.4.1 步进电机……………………………………………………………………21
3.4.2 步进电机的工作原理………………………………………………………22
3.4.3 步进电机的控制与驱动电路………………………………………………23
3.5 步进电机转速的检测…………………………………………………………26
3.6 报警电路的设计………………………………………………………………26
第四章软件部分的设计…………………………………………………………28
4.1 程序流程图……………………………………………………………………28
4.2 程序清单………………………………………………………………………29
第五章系统抗干扰技术…………………………………………………………36
5.1 硬件抗干扰技术………………………………………………………………36
5.2 软件抗干扰技术………………………………………………………………36
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………38
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………39

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