基于无线通信的单片机远程数据采集系统的设计

文档编号:DQ295   文档字数:18144,页数:60  附任务书，中期报告，答辩PPT
摘    要
 今天我们已经进入了一个无线技术无所不在的时代。在家中，使用便利的无线电话；出门在外使用手机与远方的亲人通话、发短消息；开车，6PS系统为我们导航指路；工作，使用无线网卡可以随时随地地进行网上办公等等。随着技术的进步，无线通信和无线网络将迅速地向我们同常生活中的各个方面扩展，不久的将来我们大部分的电子产品都将是无线并可随时在线的，一个无线社会很快就将成为现实，并将深刻改变人们的生活方式。
 在许多测控现场中，‘传统的数据通信是通过有线电缆实现的。随着射频技术、集成电路的发展，无线通信功能的实现越来越容易，数据传输速率也越来越快，抗干扰能力也越来越强，加之短距离无线数据传输技术成熟，功率小，功能简单，携带方便，开发简单快速，使得其在嵌入式短程无线产品中得到广泛的应用。
 本文提出了一种基于无线模块nRF905的无线数据通信系统的总体设计方案和实现方法。系统采用高速度低功耗单片机ATmega16作为主芯片，nRF905作为无线收发模块，利用SPI口实现双向通信，SPl支持高速数据传输，从而满足了射频带宽的要求。nRF905提供了强大的跳频机制以及大量的频道支持，可以用在许多特殊的场合。由于采用较完善的软硬件设计和抗干扰措施，保证了系统工作的安全性和可靠性。本系统集数据采集、无线数据通信、串行通信于一体，可以很方便地实现点对点及点对多点无线数据通信，广泛应用于遥感、遥控、无线抄表、工业数据采集及家庭自动化等领域。
 
关键词：ATmega16、nRF905、DSl8820、无线通信
ABSTRACT
 Wireless sensor networks system compare with the traditional wired sensor networks, with less cost, easy to install, low maintenance and updating of the cost advantages, Very suitable for the region where difficult of wire, staff hard to arrive and some inaccessible places on the provisional status of the remote monitoring. Against the features of the dangerous goods storage system, the desigen used new generation of automatic data collection technology-WSNs.It designed and implemented a wireless sensor network nodes by the use of ATmega 16 MCU and a RF chip nRF905,throug the wireless communication transmission to a remote cluster node and host computer communication. To achieve the temperature data acquisition monitoring, Enhanced security monitoring and real-time, remote monitoring and control network
 First of all, it analysis the monitoring features of the current warehouse supervision’s features and the development of WSNs, gives the significance of this design, the main work of this design and many other basic information like this. It designs an overall framework of WSNs nodes and has the relevant technical analysis and rational choice according to the framework. And then, gives the overall design of the wireless sensor network node, makes a choice of the core device as well as the hardware and the software circuit design. It links and adjusts the system, and does many other related works, and list many solutions to many specific problems in the typical Commissioning. Finally, sums up this design and gives the proposed of the further study and design.
 The realized network has the advantages of low implementation cost and small scale. Tests results indicate that the temperature information is correctly collected after the network works. The network can be applied in fields such as storage environment control and monitoring.
 
Key words: Sensor networks; Network nodes; Storage monitoring; Data collection
 
目    录
 1 绪论 1
 1.1课题研究背景及意义 1
 1.2相关问题研究现状与发展趋势 2
 1.3本文的主要工作 2
 2 系统总体设计及器件选型 4
 2.1硬件系统的设计 4
 2.1.1器件的选用 4
 2.1.2硬件功能模块的设计与实现 7
 2.2系统软件设计与实现 12
 3开发环境简介与分析 14
 4数据采集功能模块的设计与实现 16
 5无线通信功能模块的设计与实现 21
 5.1 SPI接口软件的设计 21
 5.2单片射频收发器nRF905 23
 5.2.1芯片结构 23
 5.2.2 工作模式 26
 6 DS18B20温度传感器 29
 6.1 DSl 8820的特点、结构及工作说明 29
 6.2 DS18B20工作步骤 31
 结  论 33
 参考文献 34
 附录一：原理图 35
 附录二：实物图 36
 附录三：程序清单 37
 致   谢 57

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