从先占原则论钓鱼岛的地位

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摘　要
钓鱼岛自古以来就是中国的固有领土,但日本从上世纪60 年代末开始, 不断对钓鱼岛提出主权要求并强行占领该岛。自此,中国政府和全球华人以各种形式不断抗议。在国际法中，合法取得领土的方式有多种，其中一种就是“先占”，即以取得国的名义并为该国而占有土地，且在该土地上建立行政管理，它需要满足四个条件：先占的主题是国家;主观方面有意思表示;客体是无主地;客观方面是有效占有。本文旨在从国际公法里“先占”原则分析钓鱼岛的地位，说明钓鱼岛不是无主地、不属于“先占”原则的客体，以及从中国和日本对钓鱼岛的实际利用情况分析两国对钓鱼岛的有效占有，从而说明日本妄图占有钓鱼岛的行为是毫无根据和行不通的，中国对钓鱼岛的拥有绝对主权。
关键词：先占, 无主地，有效占有

Discuss the status of Diaoyu island from the first principle

Abstract
    Diaoyu island has been the territory of China from time immemorial,but from the end of last 60th, Japan put in a claim for Diaoyu island continuously and occupied it by force. From then on , Chinese government and ethnic Chinese person arroud golobe empressed their protest in every varity of form. In the international law,there are many legal way of getting territory , of which is “occupation” ，it means that occupied nation occupy territory in her name, and  set executive management in the territory.Occupation need four important document: first, main subject of occupation is country;second,the country must show its subjective mean;third.the object of occupation is impersonally;the last,the objective side is effectively occupy. The purpose of this essay is going to analysis the status of the Diaoyu Islands, which based on the 'occupation' of the international law, then illustrate that the Diaoyu Islands is neither the terra nullius, nor belongs to the objective of 'occupation'. Moreover, according to analyze the actual utilization of the effectively occupy in two countries that including China and Japan, we can find out that the action of Japan attempted to occupy the Diaoyu Islands is groundless and just won't work，China has the absolute sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands.
Key words: occupation; terra nullius; effectively occupy

目  录
摘 要…………………………………………………………………………………………………… II
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………III
前  言……………………………………………………………………………………………………1
一、先占原则的概述…………………………………………………………………………2
（一）先占的主体是国家…………………………………………………………………… 2
（二）先占对象是无主土地………………………………………………………………… 2
（三）先占需实行有效占领………………………………………………………………… 2
二、钓鱼岛适用“先占”原则的情况……………………………………………………3
（一）无主地的确认………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.中国的发现………………………………………………………………………………… 3
2.日本的发现………………………………………………………………………………… 4
（二）有效占有……………………………………………………………………………… 6
1.中国的有效占有…………………………………………………………………………… 6
2.日本所谓的有效占有……………………………………………………………………… 7
（三）钓鱼岛争端的现状…………………………………………………………………… 8
结  论………………………………………………………………………………………9
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………………10
致  谢………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11

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