平菇的交配型研究

文档编号:SP013  附开题报告,外文翻译,文档字数:12120,页数:19

[摘 要] 平菇（Pleurotus ostreatus）又名侧耳，是一种适应性很强的木腐菌，在分类学上属担子菌纲，伞菌目，白蘑科，侧耳属，是世界上十种大面积栽培的食用菌之一，产量仅次于香菇，也是目前我国栽培最多的四种主要食用菌之一。交配型基因是性亲和表现型遗传决定因子，平菇为有性生殖异宗配合四极性类型，即单孢形成的菌落自体不育，不同单核菌丝在配对基因皆为杂交结合时才能双核化，形成子实体。在四极性交配系统中，A和B因子分别对应位于不同染色体上的两个交配型位点，两个单核菌丝相遇，只有当它们形成A1A2B1B2或者AαAβBαBβ型时，才能产生具有锁状联合的双核体，完成整个有性生活史。据Eger.G研究，在平菇的自然群属中，至少存在63个A因子和190个B因子，估计有63×190=11970个交配型，因此，平菇的杂交潜力是十分巨大的。随着平菇业的高速发展，对平菇交配型的研究也越来越深入。本问主要介绍了目前平菇交配型研究状况、测定方法、以及其现阶段在菌种鉴定、育种等方面的应用，并阐述了今后需解决的一些问题。
 [关键词] 平菇；单核配对；单孢分离；交配型；四极性

Study on mating system of Pleurotus ostreatus
Students:Gao YingRui，College of Life Science,Yangtze University
Tutor:Yu ZhiHe,      College of Life Science,Yangtze University
[Abstract] P.ostreatus is a kind of wood-rotting fungi with very strong adaptability.It belongs to Bssidiomycetes,Agaricales,Pleurotaceace and is one of edible fungi which is ten kinds of big areas to cultivate in the world,the yield only next to Lentinus edodes,and It is also one of most of four kinds of main edible fungi in our country currently.The mating type gene is inherit decision factor of compatibility with the performance type,P.ostreatus belongs to sexual reproduction heterothallism,tetrapolarity,Namely the colony which is consist of single spore mycelium will self-sterility,If conjugate sex gene with all for incompatibility,then crossing can dicaryotization and form sporophore.In tetrapolarity mating system,A and B factor is two mating types locus locating different chromosome,only when two single spore mycelium form AαAβBαBβ,then can produce to dikaryon and complete whole sexual life history.Study according to the Eger.G ,In the natural alliance of P.ostreatus,exist 63 A factors with 190 B factors at least,the estimate has 63×190=11970 mating type,therefore,the crossing potential of P.ostreatus is very huge.Along with the high-speed development of P.ostreatus industry,the research of P.ostreatus mating type is also more and more thorough.Mainly introduced currently research condition and measurese method of P.ostreatus mating type,and currently at the research and application of culture identification and breeding etc,and elaborate the problem for resolving currently.
[Key words] Pleurotus ostreatus; single spore isolation ;Mating type;Tetrapolar
目录
毕业设计任务书……………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
开题报告……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
指导教师审查意见…………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
评阅教师评语………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
答辩会议记录………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
外文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
1前言  ………………………………………………………………………………1
     1.1平菇的生物学特性  ………………………………………………………1
1.2平菇交配型研究简史………………………………………………………6
     1.3平菇交配型基因的应用……………………………………………………7
2研究目的和意义  …………………………………………………………………9
3材料和方法 ………………………………………………………………………10
     3.1供试材料 …………………………………………………………………10
3.2药品与试剂 ………………………………………………………………10
3.3仪器与设备 ………………………………………………………………10
3.4 PDA培养基及配方   ……………………………………………………10
3.5实验方法    ………………………………………………………………11
4结果与分析  ………………………………………………………………………13
     4.1单核菌株的获得  …………………………………………………………13
     4.2平菇极性及交配型基因的确定  …………………………………………14
5 讨论与总结  ………………………………………………………………………15
参考文献  ……………………………………………………………………………15
致谢  …………………………………………………………………………………18
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