基于FPGA的高速数据采集器设计

文档编号:ZD971    文档字数:15377,页数:39

摘要
 随着科学技术的发展，人们对客观世界的探索不断加深，对数据信号的采集要求不断提高。现在，数据采集技术向更快的速度，更高的分辨率，更宽的输入范围发展。而且，数据采集系统是大部分信号处理系统的最前端，如何正确地、实时地和精确地采集进需要的数据是首先要攻破的难题，如果在采集上出现了问题，那么后级的系统就很难做出正确的判断以及反馈相应控制信息，所以采集系统是整个信号处理系统中的重中之重。传统的数据采集系统，在速度上，在容量上已经难以跟上时代的要求。
 本设计重点设计了一个基于FPGA的高速数据采集系统解决方案。系统支持八路模拟信号输入同时也提供多量程切换功能,可按需要选择1倍,10倍,100倍增益,结合各种模拟输入处理和高达1Mhz采样频率的A/D转换器，达到高输入范围，高速的，高分辨率的采集目标，FPGA作为整个系统的控制中心,负责给各个模块发送控制信号,通过它，采集的通道切换，量程的改变等等均能够用上位机轻松地控制。

关键字 :数据采集、FPGA、高速A/D转换
Abstract
  With the development of science and technology, more and more in the nature is being discovered by the people thus the demand for a better way of data acquisition is increasing. And the technology of data acquisition is being development continually, it become faster, higher in resolution, and much wider in input range. In the same time data acquisition system is in the front of any other systems in the whole signal processing system .It’s the most difficult and chief problem that how to acquire the data in real time and accurately. And if there is a problem in acquiring the data, the system behind it will be difficult to process an accurate decision and a corresponding react. So it’s the most important part in the whole designed system. However, it’s difficult for the traditional data acquisition system to fulfill the task of the present.
  This article describes a solution to the high speed data acquisition system based on FPGA .There are 8 channels for the analog signal inputs in the system. And what’s more, the range of input is changeable. It combines some analog input handlings and a high speed A/D converter whose sampling frequency can be reach to 1 MHz to achieve a high speed, high resolution sampling with a very wide input range. The FPGA module is the control center of the whole system, with responsibility for sending the commands that control the other module in the system. According to it, the system can be controlled by the supervisory computer easily in changing the acquisition channels and the input range and so on.

Keywords: data acquisition, FPGA, high speed A/D conversion

 
 
 目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
1前 言 - 1 -
1.1设计背景 - 1 -
1.2数据采集系统的历史与发展 - 2 -
1.3 国内外研究现状 - 2 -
1.4 本设计的意义与任务 - 2 -
2采集系统中的关键技术 - 3 -
2.1采样原理 - 3 -
2.2 FPGA 技术 - 5 -
2.3 FIFO 存储器 - 6 -
3数据采集系统系统设计 - 9 -
3.1系统的总体设计 - 9 -
3.1.1方案的选择 - 9 -
3.1.2 系统结构框图 - 9 -
3.1.3 关键器件的选型 - 10 -
3.1.1.1 AD芯片的选择 - 10 -
3.1.1.2 FPGA的选择 - 11 -
3.1.4 开发工具 - 12 -
3.2 模拟信号的输入 - 12 -
3.2.1 八路模拟开关的使用 - 12 -
3.2.2 量程控制模块 - 13 -
3.3 采样转换模块的实现 - 15 -
3.3.1 电平移位电路 - 15 -
3.3.2 A/D转换电路 - 16 -
3.3.3 配置基准电压 - 17 -
3.3.4 数值转换计算 - 19 -
3.4 FPGA控制模块的实现 - 19 -
3.4.1 FPGA开发流程 - 19 -
3.4.2 时钟管理 - 20 -
3.4.3 读取A/D结果 - 22 -
3.4.4 FIFO的操作 - 22 -
3.4.5 传输模块 - 25 -
4调试与问题 - 27 -
4.1 调试环境 - 27 -
4.2 调试问题与解决办法 - 27 -
4.3 测试结果 - 30 -
5 总结与展望 - 31 -
5.1 总结 - 31 -
5.2 展望 - 31 -
致谢 - 32 -
附录 - 34 -
附录一:原理图 (模拟部分) - 34 -
附录二:PCB (模拟部分) - 35 -

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