风力、太阳能互补充电控制器设计

文档编号:ZD1175   文档字数:16777,页数:46

风力、太阳能互补充电控制器设计
摘  要

 本控制系统利用单片机以及模数转换蕊片对蓄电池端电压采集的信号进行转换和控制，对蓄电池电压采用ADC0804转换器进行实时电压信号检测并进行转换；AD转换器先将采集到的蓄电池电压信号模拟量转换成0－255的数字量，再送往单片机STC89C52进行处理，89C52将信号分两路一路送往数码管上显示0－25.5V，另一路信号89C52用比较程序较对出电压信号大小，例如我们设置充电电压上限为13.5V，放电电压下限设为11.5V，当89C52检测到蓄电池电压的数值大于13.5V时，89C52控制充电电路停止对蓄电池进行充电，充电电路断开，充电指示灯灭，放电电路正常工作；当电压降到13V时恢复对蓄电池充电；当89C52检测到的蓄电池电压信号小于11.5V时，89C52控制蓄电池停止对负载电路供电，负载电路断开，负载工作指示灯灭，充电电路正常工作，当电压升到12V时，放电电路继续恢复工作；在全部工作过程中，数码管始终显示当前电压数据值。
 单片机系统具有应用灵活，使用方便的特点，在以单片机为核心构成的智能控制系统也具有使用方便、可升级等特点。对蓄电池充电和放电的电压是必须要在受监测的前提下进行控制的，不能对蓄电池过充电，也不能过放电。目前大功率的充电机一般没有充电保护装置，在充电过程中如果对蓄电池过充电或过放电都会造成电池的损坏，当电池电压大于一定值是要停止充电，小于一定值时要停止放电，比如12V的铅酸蓄电池最高电压不能超过13.5V，最低电压不能低于11.5V等。本系统还可以作为别的电压检测系统，应用广泛，成本低廉，安全可靠，在保证蓄电池正常安全工作的前提下，才可以安全有效地利用太阳能和风能对电池进行充电，实现自然能源的收集，收集的电能在蓄电池正常工作的前提下，才可以应用于生活中，另外也可根据生活的需要，直接进行利用，或者通过逆变器变为220V等常规市电，为日常家用电器供电。
 
关键词：STC89C52 ADC0804 检测 充电 放电

 The Design Of Wind,Solar Complementary Charging Controller
ABSTRACT
 
The control system using single-chip microcomputer and matches the tablets in frequency-field collected signals battery voltage switches and control, ADC0804 converter for battery voltage using real-time voltage signal detection and transformation; AD converter first will the collected battery voltage signal analog conversion into 0-255 the digital quantity, and then sent to single-chip 89C52 89C52 will signal processing, the two ways to display on all digital pipe 0, another way signal whois 25.5 V 89C52 use comparison procedures for the voltage signal size than, for example, we set a cap of recharging voltage 13.5 V, discharging voltage limit set to 11.5 V, when 89C52 detect store battery voltage when the values greater than 13.5 V, 89C52 control charging circuit for battery recharging reservoir stop, charging circuit disconnect, charging indicator destroy; When 89C52 detection to store the battery voltage signal, less than 11.5 V 89C52 control store in load circuit power battery stop, load circuit disconnect, load working lights out; In all the work process, digital tube always display the current voltage data values.
SCM system has applied the characteristics of nimble, use convenient, in the core components of the microcomputer as intelligent control system is also have convenient use, can upgrade etc. Characteristics. For battery and discharge in the voltage is must by monitoring on the premise of the battery, unable to control charging, also cannot pass discharge, currently high-power charger generally no charging protection device, during charging if the battery charging and discharging will cause damage to the battery, when the battery voltage is more than a certain value is to stop charging, less than certain value to stop discharging, such as the highest voltage 12V lead-acid batteries cannot exceed 13.5 V, minimum voltage cannot under11.5 V, etc. The system also can serve as other voltage detection system and wide application, low cost, safety and reliability, ensure the normal safety work battery premise, can safely and effectively use solar and wind power battery charging, to realize the natural energy collection, collection of electricity in the premise of battery normal work, just can be applied to life, also can according to life needs, directly, or through the inverter using conventional utility, a 220V power supply for everyday household appliances.

Key words：STC89C52 ADC0804 detection charging discharg
 
目  录
 
摘  要 I
 ABSTRACT II
目  录 IV
1  绪论 1
1.1控制器基本介绍 1
1.2 课题的提出及意义 2
1.3研究背景 2
1.4研究目标和研究内容 3
2  课题设计相关理论知识 5
2.1太阳能电池板 5
2.1.1 太阳能电池板概述 5
2.1.2 太阳能电池板工作原理 5
2.2风力发电机工作原理 6
2.3铅蓄电池基本结构和工作原理 7
2.4 三端稳压集成电路LM7805 9
2.4.1 LM7805概述 9
2.4.2 LM7805引脚图及稳压电路图介绍： 10
2.5 A/D转换器 ADC0804 12
2.5.1 ADC0804工作原理概述 12
2.5.2 ADC0804引脚说明 13
2.5.3 ADC0804 转换器的工作时序 13
2.5.4 AD转换器的设计接口电路图 14
2.6 STC89C52 15
2.6.1 STC89C52概述 15
2.6.2时钟电路 16
2.6.3复位及复位电路 17
3  系统设计方案 21
3.1设计要求及主要指标 21
3.2设计方案的特点 21
4  系统设计的实现 22
4.1系统设计的原理 22
4.2系统硬件设计 22
4.2.1 STC89C52工作电路的设计 22
4.2.2电源电路 23
4.2.3 A/D转换器 ADC0804 23
4.2.4 ADC蓄电池电压电路的设计 24
4.2.5 继电器控制电路： 25
4.2.6开关和电源指示灯 25
4.2.7充电电路 26
4.2.8 译码电路 26
4.3 系统软件设计 27
4.3.1单片机STC89C52系列简介 27
4.3.2 七段码显示程序 27
4.3.3延时程序 27
4.3.4 数码显示函数 28
4.3.5 A/D转换程序 28
4.3.6函数声明 29
4.3.7主函数 29
4.3.8  Keil C51软件介绍 30
参考文献 34
附  录 35
谢  辞 40

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